Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) accounts for about 0.2%-3.8% of all breast cancer cases. PABC and non-PABC have the same biological characteristics; however, due to the physiological changes associated with pregnancy and lactation and the possible influence on the fetus, PABC has unique characteristics in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In order to standardize and improve the diagnosis and treatment of PABC, the Breast Surgery Group of Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association made an in-depth discussion on PABC on the basis of a review of the literature, full consideration of the clinical characteristics of PABC patients, and feasibility in China, and put forward some consensus opinions on the diagnosis and treatment of PABC, with an aim to provide reference for the clinical work of breast surgeons in China.

With the passage of time and the emergence of a wealth of clinical research evidence, the new guidelines jointly released by ASMBS and IFSO in 2022 have made substantial updates to the 1991 NIH consensus across multiple aspects. The revised guidelines have lowered the BMI threshold for bariatric surgery, aiming to encourage a greater number of patients to consider undergoing the procedure. The predominant surgical approaches include laparoscopic minimally invasive procedures, sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Furthermore, the updated guidelines underscore the safety and effectiveness of these surgeries, confirming their ability to reduce overall mortality rates and mitigate cardiovascular and cancer risks. Age is no longer a limiting factor, as both elderly individuals and the pediatric/adolescent populations are now eligible candidates for weight loss surgery. Revisional procedures are also mentioned in the article, along with the application of weight loss surgery as a preparatory measure prior to other surgical treatments. This paper summarizes the key updates of the latest guidelines.

Kidney injury is a common complication after liver transplantation, including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Kidney injury in liver transplant recipients seriously affects their long-term survival and life quality, and is one of the main causes of death after liver transplantation. In order to standardize and optimize the diagnosis and treatment of kidney injury in liver transplant recipients, Branch of Organ Transplant of Chinese Medical Association and Branch of Organ Transplant Physicians of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organize experts to develop the "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Kidney Injury Management of Liver Transplant Recipients in China (2023 Edition)" to adapt to the rapid development of diagnosis and treatment. The guideline is based on "Chinese expert consensus on management of kidney injury in liver transplant recipients (2017 edition)" and in conjunction with recent evidence-based medicine and clinical practice experience in China. This guideline focuses on the definition, classification, assessment and preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative prevention and treatment of kidney injury in liver transplant recipients. By presenting a series of scientifically standardized recommendations, the guideline is aimed to optimize the management of kidney injury in liver transplant recipients in China.

The Chinese Society of Critical Care Medicine (CSCCM) has developed the clinical practice guidelines of nutrition assessment and monitoring for patients in adult intensive care unit (ICU) of China. This guideline focuses on nutrition assessment and metabolic monitoring to achieve the optimal and individualized nutrition therapy for critical ill patients. This guideline was made by experts in critical care medicine and evidence-based medicine methodology and was developed after a thorough system review and summary of relevant trials or studies published from 2000 to July 2023. A total of 18 recommendations were formed and consensus was reached through discussions and review by expert groups in critical care medicine, parenteral and enteral nutrition, and surgery. The recommendations are based on the currently available evidence and cover several key fields, including nutrition risk screening and assessment, evaluation and assessment of enteral feeding intolerance, metabolic and nutritional measurement and monitoring during nutrition therapy, and organ function evaluation related to nutrition supply. Each question was analyzed according to the PICO principle. In addition, interpretations were provided for four questions that did not reach a consensus but may have potential clinical and research value. The plan is to update this nutrition assessment and monitoring guideline using the international guideline update method within 3 to 5 years.

Hip osteoporosis fracture (also known as hip brittle fracture) refers to a fracture that occurs after minor trauma resulted from a serious consequence of osteoporosis. Hip fracture is also a common type of fracture in the elderly. In recent years, the incidence of hip fracture in China has shown a significant upward trend. The surgical treatment methods for elderly hip fractures commonly include internal fixation or hip joint replacement. However, if osteoporosis hip fractures are not diagnosed correctly in time and receive standardized, effective, and comprehensive anti osteoporosis treatment after surgery, there would be a great risk of re-fracture and prosthesis loosening. Therefore, developing personalized treatment plans target to the specific risks and health status of patients and using of anti osteoporosis drugs timely and correctly are key to reducing postoperative complications. This guideline aims to provide clinical guidance on the selection and management of anti-osteoporosis drugs after osteoporosis hip fracture surgery, help clinician to choose drug treatment plans more reasonably, help patients with hip fracture surgery to recover as soon as possible, reduce bedridden time, and reduce the incidence of re-fracture and prosthesis loosening.

The quality of clinical trials on esophageal cancer in Japan is very high, and its practice guidelines are unique in the world. In recent years, the clinical research of esophageal cancer in China has entered a new stage of development, and the number of clinical trials ranks among the top in the world. Some esophageal surgery experts in China discussed and reviewed the clinical issues related to surgery in the Japanese guidelines and voted on whether the relevant recommendations could be accepted in China. It is hoped that the introduction of the voting results can provide a reference for Chinese thoracic surgery colleagues.

日间手术（day surgery或ambulatory surgery）这一概念最早由英国儿科医生James H. Nicoll在20世纪初提出，是指"患者在一个工作日内完成入院、手术和出院的一种手术模式，不包括在诊所或医院开展的门诊手术"。也就是将传统需要住院多日完成的手术在24 h之内完成。目前在国际上被广泛认可的定义是由1995年成立的国际日间手术协会（International Association for Ambulatory Surgery，IAAS）提出的："患者在同一个工作日完成手术或操作并出院的，不包括那些在诊所或门诊进行的手术或操作"。需要过夜观察的患者，称之为"日间手术-延期恢复患者"。2013年中国日间手术合作联盟（China Ambulatory Surgery Alliance，CASA）正式加入IAAS，标志着中国日间手术进入了一个新的发展时期，日间手术的概念和内涵更加清晰。2015年CASA推出中国日间手术定义："日间手术指患者在1 d（24 h）内入、出院完成的手术或操作"。有两点补充说明：一是日间手术是对患者有计划进行的手术和操作，不含门诊手术；二是关于日间手术住院延期患者，指特殊病例由于病情需要延期住院的患者，住院最长时间不超过48 h^[1]。2022年国家卫生健康委印发《医疗机构日间医疗质量管理暂行规定》，提出：本规定所称日间医疗，是指医疗机构在保障医疗质量安全前提下，为患者提供24 h内完成住院全流程诊疗服务的医疗服务模式。对日间医疗质量管理的组织建设、制度规范、流程管理等各个方面提出基本要求，并明确卫生健康行政部门的监督管理职责。近年来，我国日间手术进一步和国际接轨，"日归手术（same-day surgery）"的概念也被广泛接纳：日归手术通过优化与再造日间手术服务流程，改变我国日间手术传统的过夜模式，融入个体化的加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery，ERAS）理念，将过去需要住院1 d的日间手术缩短为当天住院，当天手术，当天出院。

In order to promote the safe and effective intervention of osteoporosis drugs after the operation of perihip fragility fracture, the Joint Surgery Group of the Branch of Orthopedics of the Chinese Medical Association initiated and set up a related working group. Under the guidance of the latest guideline formulation manual issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), closely following the latest concept for guidelines approved by Institution of Medicine (IOM), and following the standard process of Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation(AGREE) and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT), the guidelines was planned to write with application of the Evidence Recommendation Rating (GRADE), the International Practice Guideline Reporting Standard (RIGHT), and the Evidence Quality Evaluation tool (AGREE II).

前列腺癌（prostate cancer，PCa）已成为全球第一大泌尿肿瘤。年龄、种族和遗传是PCa发生发展的主要危险因素。美国国立综合癌症网（National Comprehensive Cancer Network，NCCN）PCa临床实践指南是当前诸多PCa诊疗指南中最具权威性的指南之一。2023 NCCN V₁版PCa临床实践指南2022年9月已更新，2023 V₁版指南更新了PCa相关的初步诊断、临床局限性PCa的风险分层、分期、主动监测、随访、治疗及诊疗原则等内容。本文对2023 V₁版指南更新内容要点进行解读，为国内泌尿外科工作者提供最新的临床实践指南参考。

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent degenerative joint disease, characterized by pain, deformity and limited function, which represents a substantial burden for affected individuals, families, and the society. Topical medicine is a large class of commonly used interventions for the treatment of OA. However, in current clinical practice, there are various types of topical medicine with different components, mechanisms of action and varied dosage forms. At present, there is no consensus on the application of topical medicine in clinical implementation. Therefore, how to choose topical medicine effectively and correctly is an issue that clinicians concern about. The present guideline was initiated by the Joint Surgery Branch of the Chinese Orthopaedic Association. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, the scientificity, transparency and applicability ranking tools (STAR), the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE)Ⅱ, and the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) were utilized to formulate nine evidence-based recommendations based on nine most concerned clinical questions from practitioners in primary clinics in China. This guideline intended to improve the scientificity of topical medicine for OA ultimately.