Pelvic fractures represent severe clinical trauma, accounting for 3.0%-8.0% of all fractures. They are predominantly caused by high-energy violence, with over half of cases involving concomitant injuries or polytrauma. Based on the mechanism of injury (low-energy vs high-energy violence), pelvic fractures can be classified into stable and unstable types. The disability rate caused by pelvic fractures ranges from 50.0% to 60.0%, with the most severe complications including traumatic hemorrhagic shock and pelvic organ injuries. Improper management can lead to a mortality rate of 13.0%-22.6%. Therefore, early intervention must strictly adhere to the principles of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS), prioritizing lifesaving measures and stabilizing vital signs before proceeding with pelvic fracture related examinations and interventions. If it is confirmed that the shock is caused by pelvic fracture-related hemorrhage, standardized resuscitation procedures must be implemented. The content of this consensus is based on current evidence-based medical literature; in the absence of clear evidence, recommendations are provided by the consensus development group.

Esophageal cancer, a malignant tumor that seriously threatens the health of Chinese residents, ranks among the top in the spectrum of digestive tract malignant tumors in China in terms of incidence and mortality. Perioperative nutritional management is an important link in the comprehensive treatment system for esophageal cancer. Many patients with esophageal cancer suffer from malnutrition and nutritional risks, which will significantly increase the incidence of postoperative complications, medical expenses, and directly affect the prognosis and long-term quality of life of patients. Based on the core principles of nutritional support therapy guidelines for digestive tract tumors at home and abroad, the construction of a standardized nutritional intervention pathway needs to be based on the establishment of a safe and effective enteral nutrition pathway. This consensus was jointly formulated by multidisciplinary experts, systematically elaborating the evidence-based selection strategies for enteral nutrition catheterization methods in patients with esophageal cancer during the perioperative period. It innovatively proposes a full-cycle access management solution covering preoperative assessment, intraoperative decision-making, and postoperative maintenance. The aim is to reduce the incidence of catheterization and access-related complications and optimize the therapeutic effect of nutritional support through a systematic operation process, in order to provide practical guidance for improving the prognosis of patients.

The incidence of rectal cancer is on the rise globally. The advancement of minimally invasive technologies has made surgical refinement a core clinical requirement. However, the complex pelvic anatomy means that the precision of surgical procedures directly impacts tumor radical cure outcomes and patients’ postoperative quality of life. Spearheaded by the Minimally Invasive Anatomy Group of the Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, this consensus is based on anatomical principles. It interprets the anatomical theories of key structures such as the mesorectum and pelvic nerves, and clarifies the technical essentials and operational standards for minimally invasive surgeries. Targeted prevention and management strategies are provided for common postoperative complications. Additionally, the consensus looks ahead to the application prospects of new technologies including AI assistance and fluorescence imaging, offering practical references for clinicians. It aims to enhance the standardization and precision of minimally invasive anatomical surgery for rectal cancer in China, thereby better safeguarding patient prognosis.

As an innovative minimally invasive surgical technique, natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has been widely applied in the field of colorectal cancer with significant technological breakthroughs. Currently, amid the accelerating global aging process, the incidence of colorectal cancer among the elderly remains persistently high. Population aging poses multiple challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer: elderly patients exhibit diminished physiological functions, complex comorbidities, and delayed postoperative recovery, which places higher demands on surgical tolerance and perioperative management. Meanwhile, physicians must balance the benefits of minimal invasiveness with surgical risks while ensuring oncological radicality, making traditional diagnosis and treatment models increasingly inadequate to meet the needs of this special population. These challenges serve as the intrinsic motivation for formulating this guideline. For the specific group of elderly patients, standardizing the safe application of NOSES in elderly colorectal cancer patients is of paramount importance. Based on the Guidelines for natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) in colorectal cancer (2023 Edition) and integrated with the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), this guideline is formulated. It systematically elaborates on the core principles of NOSES for elderly colorectal cancer, perioperative multidisciplinary collaboration, and other key content, with a focus on critical aspects such as comprehensive preoperative assessment of elderly patients, individualized principles for indications and contraindications, optimized strategies for perioperative multidisciplinary collaboration (including organ function preservation, nutritional status improvement, anesthetic management, surgical technique optimization, ERAS pathways, etc.), and prevention and treatment of postoperative complications. By integrating evidence-based medical evidence with clinical practice experience, this guideline aims to provide standardized technical standards that balance oncological safety and minimally invasive benefits for elderly patients, thereby promoting the scientific application and high-quality development of NOSES in the elderly population.

Driven by the policies of government to promote day surgery, inguinal hernia day surgery has developed rapidly in China, yielding significant social and economic benefits. However, due to the vast territory and considerable regional disparities in China, the technical and management development of day surgery remains highly uneven. To effectively evaluate the outcomes and ensure quality control of inguinal hernia day surgery, and to facilitate its further nationwide promotion, the Hernia and Abdominal Wall Ambulatory Surgery Expert Group of China Ambulatory Surgery Alliance, in collaboration with relevant institutions, organized domestic experts in hernia and abdominal wall surgery day surgery. Based on literature and the practical situation of its domestic promotion, they developed the Expert guideline on standardized process and standards of ambulatory surgery for inguinal hernia (2026 edition), aiming to provide a better reference and foundation for establishing standardized and uniform procedures for inguinal hernia day surgery.

Vaginal microecological evaluation is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological infectious diseases. However, the processes of specimen collection and pretreatment, quality control, morphological and chemical examination, result reporting and clinical application remain inadequately standardized across medical institutions at various levels. To address these inconsistencies, the Clinical Laboratory Science and Technology Transformation Professional Committee of the China Association for Promotion of Health Science and Technology and Branch of Clinical Laboratory Physicians of the Guangdong Medical Doctor Association convened a panel of experts in laboratory medicine and clinical practice. By integrating domestic and international standards, guidelines, and the latest research, and through a rigorous process of discussion, revision, and review, the panel formulated the "Expert Consensus on the Standardization of Clinical Laboratory Evaluation and Reporting of vaginal Microecology" (hereinafter referred to as the "Consensus"). This initiative aims to promote the standardized and consistent application of vaginal microecological evaluation.

To support medical laboratory practitioners in better comprehending and applying the Guide to the Assessment of Measurement Uncertainty in Medical Laboratories (hereafter the Guidelines), this article provides a systematic overview of its key elements across three dimensions:the background of its publication, interpretation and application of its core concepts, and illustrative examples of practical application. Through comprehensive case studies, the article analyzes important concepts in measurement uncertainty assessment, such as long-term precision, bias, and bias correction, and clearly delineates the step-by-step assessment process. This work aims to enable readers to fully grasp the essence of the Guidelines and to effectively address the common challenges encountered in uncertainty evaluation within medical laboratory settings..

GB/T 44672-2024/ISO 21151:2020 In vitro diagnostic medical devices-Requirements for international harmonisation protocols establishing metrological traceability of values assigned to calibrators and human samples, was released on September 29th, 2024 and came into effect on April 1st, 2025. This standard addresses the need for harmonisation protocols organized and implemented by international bodies in cases where reference measurement procedures, suitable certified reference materials, or internationally agreed calibrators are lacking. By defining the highest achievable level of metrological tracerability for a specified measurand, the standard aims to achieve equivalence of results from different in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD MD). This article interprets the core content of the standard and elucidates the value of harmonization schemes in enhancing the comparability of measurement results and promoting result interoperability. The interpretation of this standard will assist clinical laboratories and IVD manufacturers in China in establishing and improving traceability paths based on harmonization schemes in practice, thereby establishing a solid foundation for result consistency across different systems and platforms and homogeneity in clinical decision-making.

Thrombosis and hemostasis testing plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of bleeding and thrombotic disorders. Due to the specialized characters and clinical demands, clinical laboratories carry out laboratory developed tests (LDT) to varying degrees. LDT must be validated to ensure that the performance meets clinical needs before they are introduced into routine use; however, clear operational specifications for this process have been lacking. In August 2025, the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) published the Guidance on the Validation of Laboratory Developed Tests in Haemostasis，which provided detailed definitions, performance verification requirements, and implementation strategies for LDT in this field. This article interprets the key provisions of the guideline, aiming to assist laboratory managers and technical personnel in understanding and applying these recommendations effectively.

To standardize the collection of capillary blood specimens, the National Health Commission of China issued the health industry standard WS/T 848-2025 "Guidelines for collection of capillary blood specimen " in July 2025. This standard was developed based on an investigation of the current status of capillary blood specimen collection in hospitals across various levels in China, informed by relevant domestic laws, regulations, and health industry standards, as well as international guidelines for capillary blood specimen collection, combined with clinical practice and expert consensus opinions in China. This standard provides detailed technical requirements for the collection, storage, transportation, and processing of capillary blood samples, which helps to improve the quality and safety of capillary blood collection in medical institutions. To facilitate the dissemination and implementation of this standard, this article interprets the key technical aspects and related precautions of capillary blood specimen collection, in order to help specimen collection personnel and relevant managers in better understanding and applying the standard.

With the significant increase in the prevalence of diabetes in China, glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c), as a core indicator for the screening and diagnosis of diabetes, its detection accuracy and standardization are crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In 2024, the National Health Commission issued WS/T 461-2024 "Guidelines for Glycated Hemoglobin Detection". As a revised version of the 2015 standard, this updated standard closely aligns with international advances and combines with China's clinical practice, further refining the quality control requirements throughout the entire process of HbA_1c detection. Starting from the background, process and basic situation of the standard revision, this paper focuses on interpreting the core revised key points such as terminology and definitions, biological characteristics and clinical significance, technical requirements for the entire inspection process (pre-inspection, in-inspection, post-inspection), and quality control and assurance. The revision and implementation of this standard mark the deepening of the quality control requirements for HbA1c detection in China, which will promote the improvement of the quality and standardization level of HbA_1c detection in China and provide a solid technical guarantee for the precise prevention and treatment of diabetes.

The standard WS/T 229-2024 "Physical, chemical, and morphological examination of urine" was officially promulgated in May 2024. This revision aims to align with the rapid advancements in urinalysis technology in recent years, addressing prevalent issues in clinical laboratories such as inconsistent standards, non-standardized operations, and challenges in achieving result harmonization across practical procedures, performance verification, quality control, and reporting. Its objective is to further elevate the standardization and result comparability of routine urinalysis in China. The core updates of the new standard are manifested in 3 key areas: Expansion of terminology definitions, enhancement of total process quality management, and standardization of result reporting. Notably, it introduces, for the first time, a systematic integration of requirements for "personnel, facilities, and environment" and incorporates critical quality control components such as "performance verification" and "reflex testing rules". This article provides a detailed interpretation of the standard's main content, with particular focus on the revisions. Furthermore, it offers practical application guidance and recommendations for clinical laboratories, drawing upon relevant international and domestic standards, literature, and real-world scenarios. The ultimate goal is to facilitate effective implementation of the standard in support of accurate and efficient clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is widely used in the intensive care unit (ICU), but its application in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) still lacks unified standards. In November 2024, the French Society of Intensive Care Medicine, in collaboration with the French Pediatric Critical Care and Emergency Group, published an evidence-based guideline for both adult and pediatric patients with AKI. This guideline systematically updates the management strategies for RRT in the ICU. It emphasizes the deferral of RRT initiation in the absence of emergent indications, the equivalence of outcomes across different RRT modalities, and the feasibility of peritoneal dialysis under resource constraints, while specifying the initiation indications for pediatric patients with hyperammonemia. At the implementation level, it proposes a conservative dosing regimen for adults and an individualized approach for pediatric patients. Furthermore, it does not recommend heparin locking for patients at high risk of bleeding, highlighting the importance of blood volume management and daily weaning assessments. This article reviews and interprets the main recommendations of the guideline, and discusses their implications for the standardized management of RRT in China.

Currently, surgical resection remains the primary local treatment for breast cancer. However, some breast cancer patients are unable to undergo or refuse surgical resection due to multiple comorbidities, advanced age, locally advanced disease, or fear of recurrence. Lack of treatment for the local breast cancer leads to a high risk of both uncontrolled local progression and distant metastasis. Image-guided ablation therapy demonstrates advantages such as minimal invasiveness, high tolerability, precise tumor inactivation, repeatability for recurrent tumors, excellent cosmetic outcomes without scars, and preservation of glandular structure and function. Compared with surgery, ablation therapy has achieved similar clinical efficacy in early stage solid tumors. In recent years, the application of ablation therapy in breast cancer has been steadily increasing. Based on the latest research progress and China's clinical practice, the expert consensus standardizes treatment protocols and procedures of ablation therapy, in order to enhance the safety and efficacy of ablation therapy for non-surgical breast cancer candidates.