This consensus presents systematic guidelines for the standardized construction and management of gastrointestinal tumor biobanks, aiming to address the prominent issues of inconsistent sample quality and insufficient data traceability in current biobank practice. Given the high incidence of gastrointestinal tumors and the research on molecular mechanisms relying on high-quality biospecimens, this evidence-based consensus was developed by multidisciplinary experts, covering comprehensive standards for the entire process of sample collection, processing and storage. It defines differentiated processing strategies for surgical tissues, blood samples and other common biospecimens, and while clarifying collection timeframes, preservation conditions and data labeling requirements. Furthermore, it establishes a full-lifecycle management system covering sample information management, quality control, ethical compliance, and sample utilization/destruction protocols, with emphasis on the implementation of informed consent, data security protection, and compliance with genetic resource management regulations. This consensus provides normative guidance for standardized operation of gastrointestinal tumor biobanks, facilitates multicenter research collaboration and the clinical translation of precision medicine, and promotes the standardized development of tumor prevention and treatment research.

Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) is a unique histological vascular pattern associated with a novel mechanism of metastasis. In recent years, the incidence of VETC in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its prognostic significance have garnered significant attention. Current studies indicate that VETC serves as an independent predictor of recurrence and overall survival following liver resection and transplantation, and has gradually become a research hotspot in HCC. Furthermore, VETC may also function as a biomarker for predicting the efficacy of targeted therapy, interventional therapy, and their combined regimens. However, internationally standardized criteria for reporting and the clinical application of VETC in HCC are yet to be established. To promote the standardized and practical application of VETC in the prognostic evaluation and therapeutic decision-making for HCC, this consensus is developed by organizing domestic experts from fields including radiology, hepatobiliary surgery, interventional medicine, oncology, and pathology. Based on current evidence-based medical data and combined with clinical practice, and through multiple rounds of discussion and revisions, the "Expert consensus on the clinical application of vessels encapsulating tumor clusters in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (2026 edition)" is formulated. This consensus is intended as a reference for domestic colleagues and will be continuously updated and refined with the accumulation of new evidence.

The Laennec capsule is an intrinsic fibrous connective tissue covering the intrahepatic and extrahepatic parenchyma. The Chinese Chapter of the International Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary Association organized domestic experts in this field to formulate the Expert consensus on Laennec capsule guided hepatobiliary surgery (2026 edition). Based on evidence‐based medicine principles, the consensus systematically summarizes the anatomical definition of Laennec capsule and its applications in hepatobiliary surgery, clarifies the anatomical spaces between Laennec capsule and Glisson sheath, hepatic veins, and inferior vena cava, and proposes the Laennec capsule guided surgical approach, aiming to standardize surgical procedures,improve surgical safety and efficacy, promote the popularization and stardardization of surgical plans, outline future directions in researches.

To explore and establish a China-specific same-day surgery model for hepatectomy based on the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept, and to promote the clinical practice and standardized application of same-day surgery for hepatectomy in China. Organized by the Minimally Invasive Surgery Committee and Intelligent Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association, multidisciplinary experts in hepatobiliary surgery, anesthesiology, and nursing, integrating literature evidence with clinical practice, deliberated on key clinical issues encompassing the establishment of a same-day surgery system for hepatectomy, process management, patient selection and assessment, perioperative multimodal management, discharge criteria, and follow-up monitoring, leading to the formulation of this expert consensus. The consensus specifies the qualification requirements for hospitals and surgeons performing same-day surgery for hepatectomy, establishes a multidimensional patient selection system based on pathological, physiological, psychological, and social support dimensions, standardizes whole-course management strategies covering operative technical essentials, perioperative anesthetic management, multimodal analgesia and antiemesis, and early discharge assessment, and clarifies principles for post-discharge follow-up and emergency management. The formulation of this consensus provides a basis for safety margins and quality assurance in same-day surgery for hepatectomy, and holds significant practical value and exemplary significance for advancing the alignment of China′s liver surgery practices with international standards, unlocking the potential of high-quality medical resources, and improving patients′ experience during treatment.

Flow cytometry, a multi-parameter, high-throughput cell analysis and sorting technology, is now widely used in clinical practice. While many medical institutions and third-party laboratories in China have established testing platforms, the standardization of laboratory construction lags significantly behind the technology's rapid development. The absence of systematic, national-level guidance has resulted inconsistencies and non-standard practices in laboratory layout, equipment and reagent selection, assay configuration, and personnel training, limiting the full potential of this technology. To address the need for systematic standardization in clinical flow cytometry laboratories, the Molecular Diagnostics Group and the Clinical Immunology Group of the Chinese Society of Laboratory Medicine, in collaboration with the Flow Cytometry Clinical Application Promotion Group of the China National Health Association and domestic experts, have developed this consensus based on the integration of ISO 15189, relevant CLSI guidelines, and the practical experience of ISAC, adapted to the specific context of China. This consensus addresses key areas such as general requirements, personnel requirements, laboratory design and construction, configuration of analytical and auxiliary instruments, and management of reagents and consumables. Its aim is to provide comprehensive and practical guidance for medical institutions at all levels and third-party testing laboratories. The widespread adoption of this consensus is expected to enhance the accuracy, comparability, and reliability of flow cytometry testing in China, thereby better serving clinical needs.

The health industry standard WS/T 408-2024 "Guideline for the verification of analytical performance of quantitative examination procedures" was released in May 2024. The development of this standard fully considered national healthcare-related laws and regulations, domestic and international relevant standards, guidelines, consensus documents, literature evidence, practical experience, and expert opinions. The standard provides verification protocols for the 4 fundamental performance characteristics of quantitative examination procedures: Precision, trueness, linearity, and interference(specificity). This article provides an interpretation of the general principles of the guideline, the design of verification protocols for each performance characteristic, sample preparation, data processing, and result interpretation, aiming to assist relevant professionals and managers in better understanding and applying this standard.

To implement the biosafety management requirements for clinical laboratories as stipulated in the Biosafety Law of the People's Republic of China, the National Health Commission revised and released the health industry standard WS/T 442-2024 "Guideline for clinical laboratory biosafety". This guideline outlines the basic requirements for biosafety risk management, facilities and equipment, and experimental activities in clinical laboratories of medical institutions. It serves as the basis for the construction of level 2 clinical biosafety laboratories and as a guideline for biosafety management. This article provides an interpretation and analysis of the background, development process, main content, and key points of the guideline, with the aim of helping various levels of medical institutions better understand and implement the relevant provisions of the standard, so as to promote the standardization of biological safety management in clinical laboratories, reduce occupational exposure risks, improve public health response capabilities, and provide safety assurance for the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases.

This article systematically interprets the revision background, core concepts and technical highlights of WS/T 227-2024 "Documental Requirements of Standard Operating Procedure for Medical Laboratory Tests", and explores its positioning and implementation strategies within the clinical laboratory quality management system. Through comparative analysis, the technical differences between the 2002 and 2024 editions are delineated, and a multidimensional interpretation is conducted in conjunction with the ISO 15189:2022 and CLSI QMS02 guidelines. The new standard represents a conceptual leap from the concept of "operating procedures" to the "standard operating procedures (SOP)". It contains 21 elements that build a complete documental framework, innovatively introduces mistake - proofing tools such as "step - operating" table and "if - then" decision table, and strengthens the core status of SOP as a necessary part of the testing system. The release of WS/T 227-2024 marks that the establishment of clinical inspection SOP in our country has entered the phase of systematization and standardization. The laboratory shall establish a SOP system that is complete in elements, unified in format, dynamically managed, thereby supporting the continuous improvement of inspection quality.

In recent years, the adoption of single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for colorectal procedures has significantly increased in clinical practice both domestically and internationally, supported by progressively robust evidence. Furthermore, the emergence of novel operative platforms, such as robotic single-incision laparoscopic systems, has brought unprecedented evolution and transformation to the indications and technical procedures of SILS for colorectal surgery. Consequently, the existing consensus urgently requires revision and updating to meet the pressing need for standardized guidance in current clinical practice. To address this need, the Single-incision Laparoscopic Surgery Group of Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, building upon the 2019 expert consensus on SILS for colorectal surgery, has convened a panel of leading domestic experts experienced in this field to update this consensus. This initiative aims to promote the continued standardized, efficient, and beneficial development of single-incision laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Colonoscopy-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (CA-NOSES) is a minimally invasive surgical approach in which the resected specimen is completely extracted through the colonic lumen and anus with the assistance of colonoscopy, following laparoscopic or robotic radical resection of colon tumors and intracorporeal digestive tract reconstruction. It represents an important extension of the existing natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) system. To standardize the clinical application of this technique, Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the NOSES Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, and the China NOSES Alliance organized experts from relevant fields nationwide. Based on a systematic review of the domestic and international literature and in conjunction with accumulated clinical experience in China, consensus was achieved through extensive discussion, leading to the formulation of this expert consensus. This document systematically addresses key aspects of CA-NOSES, including its definition and technical characteristics, indications and contraindications, preoperative evaluation and bowel preparation, equipment selection and patient positioning, standardized operative procedures, prevention and management of complications, as well as oncological outcomes. Current evidence indicates that, when indications are strictly adhered to and aseptic and oncological principles are rigorously followed, CA-NOSES offers advantages such as reduced surgical trauma, faster postoperative recovery, and improved cosmetic outcomes. Its safety and oncological efficacy are not inferior to those of conventional laparoscopic-assisted colectomy with mini-laparotomy for specimen extraction in colon tumor surgery. This consensus aims to provide practical technical guidance and a theoretical basis for the standardized implementation of CA-NOSES and to lay a foundation for future multicenter clinical studies.

Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) has become an effective method for treating hemoptysis due to its minimally invasive nature, rapid hemostasis, and low complication rate. Its safety and effectiveness are well-established. The rapid and effective implementation of a nursing plan is key to improving patient prognosis, particularly in cases of life-threatening massive hemoptysis. Currently, there is no standardized peri-procedure nursing protocol for BAE treatment of hemoptysis. To ensure treatment efficacy and reduce adverse reactions, the "Expert Consensus on Nursing Standards for BAE in the Treatment of Hemoptysis" has been formulated. This consensus is based on existing evidence and Delphi expert consultations, combined with clinical practice in China. It focuses on patient care evaluation, emergency care, pre-procedure preparation and coordination, peri-procedure care, efficacy evaluation, and health guidance. This consensus is intended to provide professional, evidence-based nursing protocols for patients undergoing BAE for hemoptysis.

Endocrine therapy is a crucial treatment modality for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, off-label use of endocrine agents is widely observed in clinical practice. To provide evidence-based guidance, a panel of experts from the Breast Cancer Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), the Oncology Multidisciplinary Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and the Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association systematically reviewed and evaluated the evidence supporting off-label endocrine therapy for breast cancer. This process involved comprehensive literature searches, critical appraisal of existing guidelines, consensus statements, and practice standards, as well as a re-evaluation of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving approved endocrine agents. Using the CSCO evidence grading and recommendation system, the strength of evidence and recommendations were determined. Consequently, 23 recommendations addressing 21 clinical questions were developed. This consensus aims to provide clinicians with a basis for rational drug use and offers a reference for pharmacy departments in managing off-label endocrine therapies.

Residual biliary stones can potentially lead to biliary obstruction, recurrent infections, hepatic dysfunction, and an increased long-term risk of cholangiocarcinoma. To standardize diagnostic and management strategies, the Minimally Invasive Surgery Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts. This consensus was developed using the GRADE evidence grading system in conjunction with the modified Delphi method. The document begins by defining residual biliary stones and systematically examines their epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and imaging diagnostic strategies. Based on this foundation, stratified treatment algorithms are proposed for three main categories: residual stones in the gallbladder/cystic duct remnant, the extrahepatic bile duct, and the intrahepatic bile ducts.Standardized management principles for associated conditions, such as cholangitis and biliary strictures, are systematically incorporated into the framework. The consensus delineates the indications and optimal timing for various techniques, including hepatectomy, endoscopic stone extraction, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy, while emphasizing the importance of correcting biliary strictures and ensuring adequate drainage as critical determinants of favorable long-term outcomes. Furthermore, adjunctive pharmacotherapy is acknowledged for its role in modulating bile metabolism and alleviating symptoms, thereby serving as an essential component of comprehensive management. The consensus also provides systematic recommendations for postoperative surveillance, patient education, and lifestyle interventions, thereby establishing a closed-loop management strategy that encompasses the entire diagnostic and therapeutic continuum. This consensus offers evidence-based guidance aimed at harmonizing and rationalizing clinical decision-making, ultimately enhancing therapeutic precision and improving long-term prognoses for patients with residual biliary stones in China.