The liver is the main target organ for hematogenous metastases of colorectal cancer, and colorectal liver metastasis is one of the most difficult and challenging situations in the treatment of colorectal cancer. In order to improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China, the guidelines have been edited and revised for seven times since 2008, including the overall evaluation, personalized treatment goals and comprehensive treatments, to prevent the occurrence of liver metastases, increase the local damage rate of liver metastases, prolong long-term survival, and improve quality of life. The revised guideline version 2025 includes the diagnosis and follow-up, prevention, multidisciplinary team, surgery and local ablative treatment, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, and comprehensive treatment. The revised guideline emphasizes precision treatment based on genetic molecular typing, especially recommending immune checkpoint inhibitors for mismatch repair defects/microsatellite instability-high(dMMR/MSI-H) patients, and enriched local treatment methods, such as liver transplantation, yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiotherapy, etc. The revised guideline includes state-of-the-art experience and findings, detailed content, and strong operability.

The guideline for integrated diagnosis and treatment of cancer-NOSES technology (colorectal cancer section) was jointly developed by the NOSES Professional Committee and the Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association. It systematically elaborates on the nomenclature of NOSES procedures, indications and contraindications, aseptic and non-tumor surgical protocols, digestive tract reconstruction, and prevention and management of complications for natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) in colorectal cancer. The guideline details 10 categories and 21 types of NOSES procedures, covering tumors in various segments of the colorectum, and clarifies the key technical points and applicable conditions for each procedure. The guideline emphasizes that surgical teams must possess extensive laparoscopic experience, strictly adhere to indications, and standardize aseptic and non-tumor techniques, including preoperative preparation, intraoperative skills, and postoperative management. Additionally, it summarizes strategies for preventing and managing major complications such as anastomotic leakage and intra-abdominal infections, providing critical references for the clinical application of NOSES in colorectal cancer.

This consensus focuses on summarizing the standardized diagnosis and treatment guidelines for colon cancer in primary medical, aiming to provide scientific and standardized guidance for primary medical service institutions. The content covers the background of consensus development, early screening, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and evaluation methods of colon cancer. It also elaborates on treatment approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The consensus highlights the critical role of primary medical workers in colon cancer prevention and treatment, proposing diagnostic pathways and follow-up management recommendations. The goal is to improve the early diagnosis rate and treatment outcomes of colon cancer at the primary medical service institutions, reduce patient mortality, and enhance patients’ quality of life.

The mode of organ resection and reconstruction that has been used to treat digestive tumors can cure the disease. However, it involves the surgical resection of critical structures (such as the cardia, pylorus, and anus) and gastrointestinal reconstruction, which alter the physiological anatomy of the digestive system. These changes often lead to numerous postoperative complications and severely affect the patient's quality of life (e.g., refractory gastroesophageal reflux following proximal gastrectomy, dumping syndrome after subtotal gastrectomy, loss of anal function after low rectal surgery). For the defect of this mode, in 2016, professor Linghu Enqiang proposed the new mode that was "curing the disease and restoring normal function", we named this new mode: Super Minimally Invasive Surgery (SMIS)^[1]. To accomplish various types of SMIS, four operative channels were developed: the natural cavity channel, the tunnel channel, the puncture channel, and the multi-cavity channel. SMIS, with its advantages of minimal trauma and organ function preservation, has been recognized by authoritative domestic and international organizations and has developed rapidly. Based on its clinical value and the need for wider application, there is an urgent need to establish standardized guidelines to guide practice. This guideline was developed by leading organizations such as the SMIS Committee of World Endoscopy Organization and Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopy (CSDE), in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts from gastroenterology, surgery, and pathology. Systematic searches were conducted in nine major databases, including PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), for both Chinese and English literature published before 2025.Evidence from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case series was included, with the quality of evidence and recommendation strength evaluated using the GRADE system (high-level evidence: randomized controlled trials; low-level evidence: observational studies). The recommendations were refined through multiple rounds of expert discussion and voting and reported according to AGREE II and RIGHT standards. The guideline has been registered on the International Practice Guidelines Platform (PREPARE, registration number PREPARE-2024CN1183). This consensus addresses 15 issues related to SMIS treatment for esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, their corresponding precancerous lesions, and precancerous lesions of the duodenal papilla. It provides corresponding recommendations in three main areas: (1) Definitions and principles: SMIS should meet ten core criteria, including organ preservation, complete resection(R0), and sterile procedures. It also standardizes naming conventions (e.g., "Super minimally invasive non-full-thickness resection of lower esophageal squamous carcinoma via the oral cavity" ). (2) Surgical recommendations: Esophageal cancer: For early and precancerous lesions, SMIS of non-full-thickness resection is preferred. For circumferential involvement ≥1/2, SMIS of tunnel approach for non-full-thickness resection is recommended. If the wound circumference is ≥75%, the use of corticosteroids or stents to prevent stenosis is advised. Gastric cancer: For T1a-T1b stage and precancerous lesions, SMIS non-full-thickness or full-thickness resection is preferred, with individualized plans based on the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Colorectal cancer: SMIS of non-full-thickness or full-thickness resection is recommended as the first-line treatment for T1a-T1b stage and precancerous lesions. For locally advanced rectal cancer that achieves clinical remission after neoadjuvant therapy, SMIS of full-thickness resection can be considered to assess pathological remission. Duodenal papilla precancerous lesions: SMIS resection via the oral cavity is preferred. Postoperatively, whether to add pancreaticoduodenectomy and follow-up strategies should be determined based on pathology.(3) Postoperative management: A SMIS treatment cure evaluation system for early gastric cancer was established, divided into SMIS-Cure A (cured), SMIS-Cure B (clinically cured), and SMIS-Cure C (surgical reassessment), which guides follow-up. For colorectal cancer or precancerous lesions, R0 resection is the standard for cure, and follow-up plans are developed according to risk stratification. This guideline systematically integrates the evidence from SMIS in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors with expert consensus, establishing a standardized pathway centered on organ function preservation. It shifts the treatment model from "cure first" to "cure-function balance". Its application is expected to reduce overtreatment, improve the patient′s quality of life, and provide a framework for future technological iterations and the expansion of indications. It should be continuously optimized with multi-center clinical data and long-term follow-up results to achieve more precise, individualized treatment.

This guideline is jointly developed by the Chinese Society of Esophageal Diseases and the Guangdong Thoracic Diseases Society. Based on existing literature and the clinical experience of the participating experts, the guideline summarizes the application of non-intubation anesthesia technique in thoracoabdominal laparoscopic esophagectomy (the McKeown procedure), aiming to provide practical references for medical centers that intend to implement the McKeown. The guideline systematically outlines the indications and contraindications of non-intubated anesthesia, emphasizing patient selection criteria such as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class ≤2 and good cardiopulmonary function, while excluding severe comorbidities or airway abnormalities. Preoperative preparation includes comprehensive evaluation, nutritional support, cardiopulmonary exercise, and dietary adjustments. Anesthetic techniques involve epidural anesthesia, thoracic paravertebral nerve block, and laryngeal mask airway placement, with two recommended anesthesia protocols for optimized intraoperative management. The surgical workflow details patient positioning, incision design, and key steps in thoracic, abdominal, and cervical operations, highlighting the advantages of minimally invasive techniques and spontaneous ventilation management. Anesthesia management focuses on preventing and addressing complications such as hypercapnia, hypoxemia, and laryngeal mask displacement, with clear criteria for conversion to tracheal intubation. Postoperative analgesia adopts a multimodal strategy to enhance recovery. The guideline concludes that non-intubated anesthesia offers advantages of reduced trauma and faster recovery but requires individualized management to ensure safety. With technological advancements, this approach is expected to further promote minimally invasive esophageal cancer surgery.

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) represents one of the most critical ophthalmic emergencies, often associated with the poorest visual prognosis. Its primary manifestation is acute, monocular vision loss or impairment. In the absence of intervention, the natural course of the condition allows only 17.7%–20.0% of CRAO patients to regain functional vision. Consequently, patients in the acute phase necessitate not only timely treatment but also meticulous perioperative management. Within China, although CRAO has been incorporated into the "Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke in China (2021 Edition)," standardized guidelines specifically addressing perioperative nursing management for CRAO interventional therapy are currently lacking.To further standardize the perioperative management of patients undergoing CRAO treatment, thereby aiming to salvage vision and enhance patient quality of life, the Interventional Nurse Branch of the Guangdong Nursing Association and the Interventional Physician Branch of the Guangdong Medical Association jointly spearheaded an initiative. They convened medical and nursing experts from relevant fields across China. This document, the "Expert Consensus on Perioperative Nursing for Interventional Therapy of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion," was compiled by the authors based on domestic and international evidence-based medicine. Its development involved an extensive review of numerous national and international guidelines and literature, integrated with insights drawn from clinical practice and research concerning CRAO interventional therapy in China. The consensus was refined through extensive expert discussions and revisions.The primary objective of this consensus is to standardize the perioperative management protocols for CRAO interventional therapy, providing a standardized, consistent, and evidence-based reference and guidance for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and nursing practice.

Pediatric skin wounds represent a prevalent clinical challenge. The reduced thickness of the epidermis and the loosely organized arrangement of dermal collagen fibers in children render their skin more vulnerable to injury. Suboptimal wound management can precipitate severe hypertrophic scarring, with potential impairment of both functional integrity and aesthetic appearance. This consensus is derived from contemporary evidence-based medicine and integrates expert opinion from multiple disciplines, including dermatology, pediatrics, plastic and reconstructive surgery, burn care, nutrition, infectious diseases, and psychology. It highlights the critical role of multidisciplinary collaboration and establishes recommendations for the standardized diagnosis and management of pediatric skin wounds. The document provides a reference framework for the development of comprehensive, individualized treatment strategies aimed at optimizing wound healing outcomes.

With the significant potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in neoadjuvant treatment for breast cancer，a multidisciplinary expert group was formed to develop this consensus based on the existing evidence-based medical evidences and clinical practice through in-depth discussions. The consensus suggests that pre-positioning of immunotherapy can increase the pathological complete response rate of breast cancer and has the potential for long-term survival benefits. Triple negative breast cancer and hormonal receptor-positive/HER-2-negative breast cancer are the preferred groups for neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Corresponding strategies for drug combinations and subsequent treatment plans are provided. Meanwhile，the expert group confirms that the expression of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes can indicate the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy. The combination of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and targeted therapy is promising in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer and HER-2 positive breast cancer，but further verification is needed.

Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in China, and its incidence and mortality rates are on the rise, posing a serious threat to the lives and health of the people. Immunotherapy has brought new breakthroughs in colorectal cancer treatment. However, it is effective only for specific molecular subtypes, controversies persist in multiple aspects. Controversies exist in aspects such as molecular testing, imaging evaluation, selection of advantageous populations, and treatment strategies, which have caused troubles for clinicians in making diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. To standardize and guide the clinical practice of colorectal cancer immunotherapy, the Immunology Group of Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized multidisciplinary experts to develop this consensus. Based on the disease characteristics of colorectal cancer in the Chinese population and China’s existing diagnostic and treatment systems, the consensus recommendations are grounded in evidence-based medical research. The consensus focuses on imaging evaluation, perioperative treatment, treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC), and future directions, while formulating targeted and practical recommendations. The consensus aims to optimize clinical practice, improve disease control, enhance patient quality of life, and prolong survival.

Colorectal cancer has exhibited a persistently rising incidence and mortality rate in China, emerging as a critical public health challenge. For patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, neoadjuvant radiotherapy remains the standard treatment recommended by domestic and international guidelines. Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT), an modality integrating radiotherapy with surgical intervention, has gained prominence in recent years due to its precision in target localization, enhanced local control efficacy, and reduced risk of perioperative tissue damage. However, unresolved issues persist regarding standardized indications, technical implementation protocols, efficacy evaluation systems, and long-term outcome validation, necessitating evidence-based consensus and multicenter clinical research. To address these challenges,‌ Intraoperative Radiotherapy Working Group, Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association convened multidisciplinary experts. Synthesizing global evidence and clinical experience, the group formulated the expert consensus on intraoperative radiation therapy for colorectal cancer (2025 Edition). This consensus aims to serve as a reference for clinical practice and to advance standardized diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, fostering high-quality development in this field.

In China, colorectal cancer ranks second in incidence and fourth in mortality among all malignant tumors. The incidence of ovarian metastasis in female colorectal cancer patients is increasing. Characterized by insidious symptoms, rapid progression, and suboptimal sensitivity to conventional systemic therapies, its clinical management remains controversial. To address these challenges, under the guidance of the Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, authoritative experts in related fields conducted multidisciplinary discussions to revise and update the "Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer with ovarian metastasis (2020 Edition)". This consensus aims to guide and standardize the diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for such patients, establish precise, personalized, and comprehensive treatment goals and strategies, and ultimately enhance the overall diagnosis and treatment standards for colorectal cancer, and prolong survival and improve quality of life for colorectal cancer patients in China.

Second-degree burns are a common type of burn in clinical practice. Currently, multiple types of dressings and topical medications can promote the healing of second-degree burn wounds. Among these, growth factors play a synergistic role in the wound healing process by promoting cell proliferation， migration， and differentiation， as well as enhancing angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. Although growth factor preparations have been used in clinical practice for many years， the emergence of new types and formulations of growth factors led to more prominent related controversies. How to select appropriate growth factors and apply timely and effectively for the treatment of burn wounds is a challenge in clinical application. This article compiles the consensus reached by experts in the field of burns and related areas on the use of growth factors for second-degree burn wounds， including the types， application scope， usage duration， and scar prevention， aiming to provide guiding recommendations for the use of growth factors in the treatment of second-degree burn wounds.

The "Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of acute biliary tract infection in the elderly (2025 edition)" was compiled and organized by the Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Committee of Chinese Aging Well Association. Acute biliary tract infections in the elderly are common among the acute abdominal diseases in the elderly, with atypical clinical manifestations, rapid progression and high fatality rate. The consensus puts forward targeted recommendations around multiple aspects such as the diagnosis, severity assessment, imaging examination, systemic assessment, rational application of antibiotics, intensive care treatment, nutritional support, surgical treatment and endoscopic treatment of acute biliary tract infections in the elderly. The consensus emphasizes that the diagnosis of elderly patients should be combined with comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, and that treatment should be individualized, and attach importance to multidisciplinary collaboration during the perioperative period. The consensus provides important references for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of acute biliary tract infections in the elderly.