Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) accounts for about 0.2%-3.8% of all breast cancer cases. PABC and non-PABC have the same biological characteristics; however, due to the physiological changes associated with pregnancy and lactation and the possible influence on the fetus, PABC has unique characteristics in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In order to standardize and improve the diagnosis and treatment of PABC, the Breast Surgery Group of Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association made an in-depth discussion on PABC on the basis of a review of the literature, full consideration of the clinical characteristics of PABC patients, and feasibility in China, and put forward some consensus opinions on the diagnosis and treatment of PABC, with an aim to provide reference for the clinical work of breast surgeons in China.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China， ranking second in morbidity and fourth in mortality. Metastasis and recurrence are the leading causes of patient death， and the peritoneum is a frequent site of metastasis in colorectal cancer， second only to liver and lung metastases. However， the prognosis of peritoneal metastasis is much worse than hepatic and pulmonary metastasis. Colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis is characterized by difficult early diagnosis， severe symptoms and poor prognosis. Its standardized diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis of patients and enhancing their quality of life. The Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized authoritative experts in the field of colorectal cancer in China to compile the “Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis （2017 Edition）” as early as 2017， and revised it in 2022. In view of the research progress of colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis， the Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized domestic multidisciplinary experts to revise and update the “Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis （2017 Edition）” and the 2022 revision based on the latest research results and evidence-based medical evidence after repeated discussions. The “Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peritoneal Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer （2025 Edition）” was compiled， reaching a preliminary consensus on the definition， diagnosis，treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis， with the aim of guiding and standardizing the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis， developing reasonable and effective comprehensive treatment plans， prolonging survival time and improving quality of life for colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis patients， thereby raising the overall level of diagnosis and treatment for colorectal cancer in China.

Robotic Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Surgery （NOSES） is a vital component in the surgical management of colorectal tumors. By combining the strengths of the robotic platform and colorectal tumor NOSES， this technique has become a surgical approach that is attracting widespread attention among colorectal surgeons. In 2022， The Group of NOSES， Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association， The Group of Robotic Surgery， Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association developed the first “Expert Consensus on Robotic Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Surgery for Colorectal neoplasm”， which has played a positive role in promoting standardized robotic colorectal tumor NOSES procedures. After three years of practice and summarization， a large number of colorectal surgeons have revised the consensus based on new developments and clinical evidence. The main revisions include: adjusted surgical positioning for R-CRC-NOSES Ⅵ/Ⅶ；new methodologies （B/C） for R-CRC-NOSES Ⅷ； optimized digestive tract reconstruction in R-CRC-NOSESⅨ/Ⅹ； and the addition of “poor blood supply to the colorectal stump” as a defined complication. This update aims to enhance scientific rigor and standardization in robotic NOSES， fostering its sustainable development in China's surgical landscape.

The incidence of low rectal cancer continues to rise annually， the research on low rectal cancer and the innovation of technology are constantly advancing and deepening. The new neoadjuvant treatment strategies and anus-preserving surgical plans formulated based on the multidisciplinary team （MDT）scheme closely affect the perioperative management， functional preservation effect， and long-term quality of life of patients. This consensus document establishes standardized multidisciplinary integrated care pathways for preoperative management， aiming to systematize clinical decision-making processes and promote standardized implementation across clinical practice.

In order to standardize the perioperative nursing for endovascular treatment of splenic artery aneurysms， improve nursing quality， and promote the rapid recovery of patients， this consensus is specifically developed.Based on existing domestic and international clinical practice and literature research，and through expert demonstration， this consensus comprehensively elaborates on the classification of splenic artery aneurysms， endovascular treatment methods， indications， preoperative nursing and postoperative nursing.This consensus is highly practical and provides guidance for clinical practice.

Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is the common type of malignant tumor in the biliary tract.The diagnosis and treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma involve multiple aspects such as epidemiology，clinical diagnosis， imaging examination， clinical classification and staging， pathology， resectability evaluation，perioperative management， surgical planning， systematic treatment， and follow-up monitoring， which make it as one of the difficult and technically demanding fields in hepatobiliary surgery. In order to guide the more standardized， safe， and effective treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in China， the Society for Hepatopancreato-biliary Surgery of Chinese Research Hospital Association and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery have organized experts in the field of hilar cholangiocarcinoma nationwide to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma （2025 edition）. The aim is to provide standardized diagnosis and treatment plans for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma based on the latest clinical practice and evidence-based medicine principles， to improve diagnosis and treatment levels and patient prognosis， and to provide scientific guidance and reference for surgeons in China.

Intraventricular hemorrhage（IVH）in preterm infants is a significant complication leading to mortality and severe neurological disabilities，particularly in preterm infants with a gestational age＜32 weeks.In recent years，the number of preterm infants receiving medical treatment in China has significantly increased，and the survival rates of very preterm infants（gestational age ≥28-31 weeks）/extremely preterm infants （gestational age＜28 weeks）have greatly improved.However，the incidence of IVH in extremely preterm infants remains high at 48%，with the occurrence of severe IVH showing an annual upward trend，markedly higher than that in developed countries，garnering significant attention.Currently，there is no expert consensus or guideline for the prevention of IVH in preterm infants within China.Therefore，the Neonatologist Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Neonatologist Branch of the Beijing Medical Doctor Association have organized experts to develop ExpertConsensusonPreventionof IntraventricularHemorrhageinPretermInfants（2025）（hereinafter referred to as ThisConsensus）.These initiatives in ThisConsensus is based on reference to relevant research progress and clinical guidelines both domestically and internationally，aiming to further standardize the prevention and clinical management of IVH in preterm infants，reduce the incidence of IVH，and improve both shortterm and long-term neurological development outcomes for preterm infants.

肺功能检查是筛查、诊断和评估呼吸系统疾病的重要方法。 临床常用检查包括肺量计法、强迫振荡（forced oscillation technique，FOT）法、气体分析法等体描标记法等。 近年来国内外肺功能指南/技术规范/专家共识对于有关肺功能正常预计值的推导及建立，支气管舒张试验的判读，常规肺功能检查不可及时的替代方案，保留比值受损肺功能（PRISm）人群的定义和临床识别等内容进行了更新。中华医学会呼吸病分会肺功能学组根据国内外更新的内容，针对肺功能检查临床应用过程中的关键问题：一是成人肺功能临床技术的最新进展；二是成人肺功能检查在临床诊疗中的应用进展，进行阐述旨在有效地指导肺功能检查的临床实践，以提高诊疗呼吸系统疾病的效率和准确性。

Objective

To standardize and promote the clinical application of pancreatic duct(repair) surgery for benign and borderline/low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors, thereby improving surgical outcomes and reducing complications, this expert consensus was formulated.

Methods

Organized by the Minimally Invasive Surgery Committee and Intelligent Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association, domestic pancreatic surgery experts discussed key topics including pancreatic duct anatomy, repair concepts, surgical indications, preoperative evaluation, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative management, integrating literature evidence and clinical experience.

Results

The consensus delineates core techniques of pancreatic duct repair surgery, such as main pancreatic duct repair, end-toend pancreatic anastomosis, main pancreatic duct replacement, and branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (BD-IPMN) local resection. It emphasizes preoperative multimodal imaging evaluation,intraoperative ultrasound guidance, and minimally invasive approaches. Recommendations include selecting repair strategies based on duct injury severity, standardized use of pancreatic stents, and postoperative pancreatic fistula prevention protocols.

Conclusion

Pancreatic duct (repair) surgery restores duct continuity, avoids traditional gastrointestinal reconstruction, and significantly reduces postoperative complications. It represents a major advancement in organ-preserving pancreatic surgery. Further studies are needed to validate long-term efficacy and refine technical details.

Objective

To standardize robotic radical resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and improve perioperative safety and long-term survival of patients, this expert consensus is formulated.

Methods

The Minimally Invasive Surgery Professional Committee and the Intelligent Medicine Professional Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association initiated and organized experts in minimally invasive surgery for biliary tract tumor in China. This expert consensus was drafted based on literature and practice,followed by several rounds of voting, feedback, discussion and revision.

Results

Eleven recommendations were put forward covering six aspects of this operation including preoperative evaluation and surgical planning, indications and contraindications, perioperative safety and efficacy, feasibility of cases requiring vascular reconstruction, survival and recurrence, as well as learning curve.

Conclusion

After thorough evaluation and comprehensive planning, it is safe and eligible for surgical centers with adequate experience in robotic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery to carry out this operation. The advantages of robotic approach over other approaches in terms of complications, prognosis and learning curve, still need to be supported and clarified by evidence with higher quality obtained via more application and practice.

Objective

To standardize robotic radical resection for gallbladder cancer thereby reducing postoperative complications and improving patient prognosis, this expert consensus is formulated.

Methods

The Minimally Invasive Surgery Professional Committee and the Intelligent Medicine Professional Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association initiated and organized experts in minimally invasive surgery for biliary tract tumor in China. Based on literature and practice, this expert consensus was drafted,followed by several rounds of voting, feedback, discussion and revision.

Results

Fourteen recommendations were put forward in five aspects of this operation including preoperative evaluation and surgical planning,indications and contraindications, perioperative safety and efficacy, survival and recurrence as well as learning curve.

Conclusion

It is safe and effective for surgical centers with adequate experience in minimally invasive surgery to carry out robotic radical resection for gallbladder cancer following thorough evaluating and surgical planning. The advantages of robotic approach over other surgical approaches in terms of efficacy, prognosis and learning curve, still need to be confirmed and revealed by studies with higher quality.

CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of colon cancer （2024 Edition）has been updated with full reference to the latest research results at home and abroad，and the opinions of experts in related fields have been widely integrated. In the epidemiology section，the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer have been updated according to the latest research data from the National Cancer Center. In the screening section，the starting age of screening for the general population has been changed to 45 years old. In the diagnosis section，peripheral blood MSI testing is included as one of the available options for patients with limited pathologic access. In the surgery section，it is recommended that experienced centers routinely perform CME procedures； additional clarification is provided on the safety of the procedure of taking specimens through the natural cavity. In the internal medicine section，evidence-based medical evidence for immunotherapy was added，recommending that immunotherapy be considered as a treatment option for patients with dMMR/MSI-H； the role of ctDNA in postoperative adjuvant therapy decision-making was described； immunotherapy was recommended as one of the therapeutic options for patients with liver metastases from MSI-H； and double-immunotherapy with nabulizumab in combination with ipilimumab was recommended as one of the available options for palliative care. In the section on traditional Chinese medicine，the “principle of evidence-based treatment” is adjusted to “principle of combining disease diagnosis and treatment with evidence-based treatment”，and the content of evidence-based treatment during the prevention and treatment of colon cancer is added，as well as the application of non-pharmacological therapies in traditional Chinese medicine.