To evaluate the features of carotid web (CW) by ultrasonography.

A total of 66 patients with CW were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to June 2019 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. All patients were examined by both ultrasonography and CTA, and were divided into either a<50% stenosis group (54 cases) or a ≥50% stenosis group (12 cases). The ultrasonographic characteristics of CW, including the length, thickness, direction (forward or backward to the flow), acute angle between the web and carotid wall, and thrombus between the web and carotid wall were compared between the two groups. The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were compared between patients with and without ischemic stroke.

Forty-two (42/66, 63.6%) patients were diagnosed with CW by initial CDFI examination, of whom 21 (21/66, 31.8%) were diagnosed with ulcerative plaque and 3 (3/66, 4.5%) were diagnosed with carotid dissection at first but confirmed by second examination. There were no differences in the web length, thickness, direction, or thrombus detected between the two groups (P>0.05). The angle between the web and carotid wall in the<50% stenosis group was significantly smaller than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (median angel 39o vs 73o, P=0.002), and the percentage of patients with an angle≤ 60o in the<50% stenosis group was significantly higher than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (74.1% vs 41.7%, P=0.042). The diameter of the residual carotid artery at CW location in the<50% stenosis group was significantly larger and peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the<50% stenosis group than in the≥50% stenosis group (P<0.001). The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were not statistically different between patients with and without ischemic stroke (P=0.321).

Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the characteristics of carotid web in 2D and color mode. When the angle between the CW and carotid wall is large, the carotid artery stenosis ≥ 50% is more likely to happen, but carotid artery stenosis is not the main cause of ischemic stroke.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sling exercise, therapeuticultrasound, therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise in patients to alleviate pain and improve lumbar function with lumbar disc herniation.

Individuals were selected from a list of patients being followed at the department of Rehabilitation in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University. 30 patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were collected, the diagnoses were established upon medical history, physical examination, and results of imaging studies. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: therapeuticultrasound group received 14 sessions of ultrasonic therapy to the lumbar region, Sling exercise group received 14 sessions of sling exercise, and therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise group received therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise therapy 14 sessions of therapeuticultrasound to the lumbar region,7 sessions per week, 2 weeks. The VAS and ODI were compared with the assessment of the patients before and at the end of the therapy.

At the end of treatment, three groups VAS scores (F=3.069, P=0.043) and ODI scores (t=12.676, P<0.001) was lower than that at the beginning of treatment (P<0.05), at the end of treatment the VAS scores (F=59.400, P<0.001) and of the ODI scores (t=12.737, P<0.001) of ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy group was lower than the other group, the difference is significantly.

All three groups could reduce pain and improve lumbar function, and the ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy was most effective for lumbar disc herniation treatment in the three groups.

To analyze the treatment of different types of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, and explore its pathogenesis in combination with literature so as to improve the cure rate and reduce disability rate.

The clinical data of 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children were retrospectively analyzed in The Hospital of 81^st Group Army PLA from January 2015 to December 2019. The diagnosis of traumatic cerebral infarction in children was made by CT scan and MRI scan. According to different conditions, children with traumatic cerebral infarction were classified, and different treatment strategies were selected. Children with lacunar infarction were treated with calcium antagonists and neurotrophic drugs, supplemented by hyperbaric oxygen and exercise rehabilitation. The children of focal cerebral infarction and complex cerebral infarction treated by junior dehydrant and hormone also included the calcium antagonist and nutritional nerve drugs. The therapeutic regimen perhaps adjusted by the evolution of the disease. The children of extensive cerebral infarction underwent emergency cranial decompression, and was treated by reducing intracranial pressure and preventing complications after operation. The treatment results and recovery were observed.

In 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, 35 cases (83.3%) were good recovery, 4 cases (9.5%) were moderate disability, 2 cases (4.8%) were severe disability, 1 case (2.4%) died, and no vegetative state. The good recovery rate of lacunar infarction was 100%, that of focal cerebral infarction was 62.5%, that of mixed cerebral infarction was 60%, and that of extensive cerebral infarction was 50%.

It is of great significance to improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis of children with traumatic cerebral infarction to adopt different treatment schemes for different types of cerebral infarction.

To characterize the patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Tibetan Plateau over an altitude of 4000 meters.

A total of 68 cases with supratentorial hypertensive ICH were retrospectively included in Ali Regional People’s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2018. The clinical and laboratory data were collected. A simple linear correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between the amount of bleeding and sex, age, nationality, time from onset , systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol. According to computed tomography (CT) findings, 68 cases were divided into the basal ganglia ICH group (33 cases) and the lobar ICH group (35 cases). The characteristics between two groups were analyzed using t-test or χ² test.

The data of sex, age, nationality, time from onset, SBP, DBP, Hb, TG, and cholesterol of 68 cases on admission did not show any definitive correlation with the hematoma volumes (P＞0.05). The SBP and DBP of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group were significantly higher than that in the lobar ICH group, respectively [(184.9±28.5) mmHg vs (164.6±24.4) mmHg; (113.0±18.1) mmHg vs (103.0±18.4) mmHg] (t=0.499, 0.486; P=0.002, 0.033).

The relevant factors of hematoma volumes in patients with ICH in plateau area were not yet clear. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group was higher than that in those in lobar ICH group.

To compare the efficacy evaluation of electrospun composite biomaterials and a porcine small intestine submucosa mesh for hernia repair.

A randomized, single-blind, controlled multicenter trial was performed in 3 hospitals in Shanghai. Eligible adult patients with primary unilateral reducible groin hernias were randomly assigned (1∶1) to electrospun composite biomaterials (experimental group) or porcine small intestine submucosa (control group) mesh groups. Patients were treated with the tARB technique and assessed at 1,3 and 6 months after the surgery. The primary endpoint was hernia recurrence. The secondary endpoints were postoperative complications including groin pain and operative site infections.

172 patients were assigned to experimental (n=86) and control (n=86) groups. At 6 months follow-up, postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (5/86, 5.95%) and 2 (2/86, 2.35%) patients in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS or SVS score between the two groups.

We demonstrate that electrospun composite biomaterial mesh can be used as a ideal choice for inguinal hernia repair. Electrospun composite biomaterial has the characteristics of low recurrence rate, absorbability and long-term comfort.It can be further applied in clinical practice in the future.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)remains one of the most complicated hepatobiliary operations. The development of minimally invasive surgery for PD has always been an hot spot. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) has not been widespread carried out due to its difficulty and long learning curve. LPD accounts for 9% of all PD, according to the National Cancer Data base. Compared with laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery system has significant advantages in the field of minimally invasive PD, including stereotactic amplified vision, filtering hand tremor and simulating the wrist. The article would review the surgical techniques and notes, which could provide clinical reference for other surgeons.

To investigate the clinical application of laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal excision(L-ELAPE) for the treatment of low rectal cancer.

The clinical data of 109 patients with low rectal cancer admitted to the 960th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the People’s Liberation Army of China from May 2018 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, sixty-nine patients who underwent L-ELAPE were assigned to the study group, and 40 patients who underwent traditional laparoscopic abdominoperineal excision(APE) were assigned to the control group. The general data before surgery, intraoperative observation indicators, postoperative recovery, long-term postoperative complications, and urogenital system scores of the two groups were compared and analyzed.

All 109 patients successfully completed their surgeries. The basic conditions of the patients in the study group and the control group, such as gender, age, distance from the tumor to the anal margin, body mass index(BMI), clinical stage, whether neoadjuvant therapy was applied, intraoperative lymph node dissection, postoperative recovery exhaust time, delayed healing of perineal incision, urinary dysfunction, severe pulmonary infection, postoperative TNM pathological stage, hospital stay and sexual dysfunction, showed no statistically significant difference (all P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss[(136.86±52.53 mL vs. 215.40±70.21 mL), t=6.648, P=0.001]and the number of intraoperative perforations[4.34%(3/69) vs. 22.5(9/40), χ²=8.516, P=0.004], operation time(178.36±55.32 min vs. 142.47±36.53 min, t=3.663, P=0.001), positive rate of circumferential margin(CRM)[2.9%(2/69) vs. 15%(6/40), χ²=5.453, P=0.020], perineum long-term chronic pain[18.8%(13/69) vs. 2.9%(2/40), χ²=4.087, P=0.043)], chronic pain after caudal resection[28.6%(10/35) vs. 8.8%(3/34), χ²=4.398, P=0.036], local recurrence rate[4.3%(3/69) vs. 15%(6/40), χ²=3.793, P=0.050] differences exist statistical significance.

L-ELAPE surgery for advanced low rectal cancer can reduce the positive rate of CRM, intraoperative intestinal perforation and postoperative local recurrence rate. The occurrence of chronic perineal pain after surgery may be related to the resection of the coccyx during the operation. The application of biological patches for pelvic floor reconstruction is safe and feasible.Therefore, the L-ELAPE surgery is safe and effective and deserves further promotion and application.

To compare the disparities in prognosis and influencing factors between patients with familial adenomatous polyposis associated colorectal cancer (FAP-CRC) and sporadic synchronous multiple primary colorectal cancer (SSM-CRC) undergoing total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (TC-IRA).

The clinical and prognostic data of patients who underwent TC-IRA treatment at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & He’nan Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to June 2020 were retrospectively collected. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at a 1:2 ratio (FAP-CRC vs. SSM-CRC) to balance patient characteristics. Survival differences between two groups and across subgroups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were employed to identify independent risk factors affecting prognosis.

After propensity score matching, seventy-three patients with FAP-CRC and 146 patients with SSM-CRC were included in this study. The 5-years overall survival (OS) rate was significantly higher in the FAP-CRC group than in the SSM-CRC group (87.5% vs. 78.1%, χ²=4.804, P=0.028). However, no significant difference was observed in the disease-free survival (DFS) between the two groups. Subgroup analyses consistently demonstrated higher OS rate for FAP-CRC, including females, age<55 years, carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)≤5 ng/mL, multiple tumor lesions, lymph node metastasis, absence of cancerous node, absence of lymphovascular invasion and absence of perineural invasion. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified tumor recurrence (P<0.001) as independent risk factor for two group patients.

FAP-CRC patients who underwent TC-IRA had a better long-term survival prognosis than SSM-CRC patients, particularly in subgroups such as females, younger individuals (<55 years), those with low CEA levels (≤5 ng/mL), those with multiple tumor lesions, those with lymph node metastasis, and those without cancerous node or lymphovascular invasion or perineural invasion. Tumor recurrence were identified as independent risk factor influencing postoperative survival in FAP-CRC patients.

This study aimed to investigate the expression of stimulated by retinoic acid 6(STRA6), cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1(CYP24A1), and neurexophilin 4(NXPH4) proteins in colorectal cancer liver metastasis and their correlations with clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and diagnostic significance.

A total of 80 patients with colorectal cancer initially diagnosed and undergoing surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University between January 2017 and December 2019 were enrolled. Among them, thirty patients developed liver metastasis, while 50 did not. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4. The relationships between these proteins and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to evaluate the prognostic significance of these proteins in colorectal liver metastasis patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors for liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to assess the predictive value of individual and combined detection of these proteins for colorectal liver metastasis.

The expression levels of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4 were significantly higher in the liver metastasis group compared to the non-metastasis and paracancerous tissue groups (P<0.05). In colorectal liver metastasis patients, high expression of STRA6 and NXPH4 was correlated with lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion, while high expression of CYP24A1 was associated with lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, and tumor differentiation (P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that colorectal liver metastasis patients with high expression of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4 had a lower 5-year survival rate (HR=2.690, 4.279, and 2.784, respectively; P<0.05). Liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients was correlated with lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, and degree of differentiation, and CEA (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified lymph node metastasis, CEA≥5 ng/mL, and elevated levels of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4 as independent risk factors for liver metastasis (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the AUC values for predicting colorectal liver metastasis were 0.722 (95%CI: 0.602~0.843) for STRA6, 0.797 (95%CI: 0.696~0.898) for CYP24A1, and 0.696 (95%CI: 0.577~0.814) for NXPH4. The sensitivities and specificities were 46.70% and 94.00% for STRA6, 56.70% and 92.00% for CYP24A1, and 86.70% and 52.00% for NXPH4, respectively. The combined detection of these proteins achieved an AUC of 0.820 (95%CI: 0.719~0.921), with a sensitivity of 66.70% and specificity of 90.00%.

High expression of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4 indicates an increased risk of liver metastasis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. These proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for risk stratification and prognosis of colorectal cancer liver metastasis, providing references for early clinical intervention.

Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with the development of colorectal cancer, providing a theoretical basis for microbiota-based interventions. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics exhibit adjunctive therapeutic potential by modulating microbial composition, improving the mucosal environment, and suppressing inflammation. Certain bacterial strains and their metabolites can directly regulate tumor progression through receptor–signaling pathways, offering a rationale for targeted modulation. In recent years, engineered bacteria, phage therapy, and strategies involving supplementation or antagonism of microbial metabolites have been rapidly advanced, showing promising safety and feasibility in early studies. Despite persistent challenges such as individual variability, limited long-term efficacy, and lack of standardization, multidimensional microbiota-based therapies guided by multi-omics and precision medicine are expected to become an important component of comprehensive colorectal cancer management.

The aim of this study is to compare static visual acuity (SVA) and dynamic visual acuity (DVA) in cataract patients following implantation of bifocal or extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lense (IOL).

A total of 45 patients (69 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation at the Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January to December 2024 were enrolled. The cohort comprised 18 males (24 eyes) and 27 females (45 eyes) with a mean age of (62.8±4.6) years (ranging from 55 to 73 years). Patients were divided into two groups based on the IOL type implanted: bifocal IOL, and EDOF IOL, the former patients were received bifocal IOL, and later patients were received EDOF IOL. At 3 months postoperatively, the following parameters were measured: static uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), and near visual acuity (UNVA); dynamic uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDDVA), intermediate dynamic visual acuity (UIDVA), and near dynamic visual acuity (UNDVA) under horizontal motion at speeds of 15, 30, 60, and 90 degrees per second (dps); and kinetic visual acuity (KVA) at speeds of 5, 10, 20, and 30 km/h. Defocus curves were also plotted. SVA, DVA, and KVA were expressed as median (interquartile range). Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation between dynamic and static visual acuity was analyzed using Spearman′s rank correlation.

At 3 months postoperatively, the UIVA in the EDOF IOL group was 0.05 (0.10) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), which was significantly better than the 0.30 (0.08)logMAR in the bifocal IOL group (U=45.0, P<0.05). Conversely, the UNVA in the bifocal IOL group was 0.15 (0.11)logMAR, significantly better than the 0.22 (0.08)logMAR in the EDOF IOL group (U=996.0, P<0.05). Regarding DVA, the UIDVA for the EDOF IOL group at 15, 30, 60, and 90 dps were 0.10 (0.10)logMAR, 0.15 (0.12)logMAR, 0.15 (0.07)logMAR, and 0.30 (0.08)logMAR, respectively. These values were superior to those of the bifocal IOL group, which were 0.30 (0.14)logMAR, 0.30 (0.10)logMAR, 0.40 (0.10)logMAR, and 0.40 (0.12)logMAR, respectively, with the differences being statistically significant (U=24.0, 34.5, 27.0, 120.0; all P>0.05). The UNDVA for the bifocal IOL group at 15, 30, 60, and 90 dps were 0.15 (0.12)logMAR, 0.22 (0.15)logMAR, 0.22 (0.08)logMAR, and 0.30 (0.10)logMAR, respectively. These were superior to the corresponding values in the EDOF IOL group, which were 0.30 (0.08)logMAR, 0.30 (0.06)logMAR, 0.35 (0.10)logMAR, and 0.52 (0.12)logMAR, with the differences being statistically significant (U=961.0, 922.0, 938.5, 985.0; all P>0.05). During testing at far and near distances, a significant correlation was observed between DVA and the corresponding SVA at speeds of 15, 30, and 60 dps in both groups (P < 0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, the defocus curve results indicated that at -1.5 D, the visual acuity in the EDOF IOL group was 0.22 (0.18)logMAR, significantly better than the 0.40 (0.15)logMAR in the bifocal IOL group (U=114.5, P<0.05). At -3.0 D, the visual acuity in the bifocal IOL group was 0.15 (0.12)logMAR, which was significantly better than the 0.40 (0.10)logMAR in the EDOF IOL group (U=1135.0, P<0.05).

Both IOL types provided good distance SVA and DVA. Bifocal IOL demonstrated superior near SVA and DVA, whereas EDOF IOL demonstrated superior intermediate SVA and DVA. Comprehensive assessment of both SVA and DVA may aid in optimizing IOL selection for cataract patients.

The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of peripapillary and macular structural and perfusion parameters obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in high myopia with open-angle glaucoma (OAG), and to develop a parsimonious combined diagnostic model.

A total of 239 patients (239 eyes) with HM who attended the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, from June 2022 to December 2024 and completed the relevant examinations were enrolled in the study. Among them, 97 were male (97 eyes) and 142 were female (142 eyes) with a mean of (53.1±8.6) years (ranging from 32 to 68 years). According to the presence or absence of OAG, the participants were divided into the HM group and the HM combined with OAG group (HMG group). Age, gender, spherical equivalent, axial length (AL), and visual field indices were recorded. OCT and OCTA were used to obtain parameters including peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density, macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and loss volume indices, superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vessel density, and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density. After Shapiro-Wilk normality testing, data were expressed as ±s, and comparisons between the two groups were performed using the independent-samples t test. The Benjamini-Hochberg method was used for false discovery rate correction of sectoral structural and blood flow parameters. Gender was expressed as number of cases and percentage and compared using the χ² test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and differences in AUC were compared using the DeLong test. The indicators with significant statistical significance of AUC were selected to enter the multivariate Logistic regression model, and the simplified joint diagnosis model was constructed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Multicollinearity was evaluated by variance expansion factor, and variance expansion factor<5 was acceptable.

There were no statistically significant differences between the HM group 117 patients (117 eyes) and the HMG group 122 patients(122 eyes) in age, AL, spherical equivalent refraction, or central corneal thickness (t=-1.63, -1.50, 0.97, 0.8; P>0.05). However, the differences in mean deviation and pattern standard deviation of the visual field between the HMG and HM groups were statistically significant (t=15.3, -11.9; P<0.05). The global peripapillary RNFL thickness in the HMG group was (83.5±11.6) μm, which was lower than that in the HM group (94.2±10.2) μm, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (t=7.58, adjusted P<0.05), with an AUC of 0.76 (95%CI: 0.70 to 0.82). Quadrant analysis showed that the differences in superior and inferior RNFL thickness in the HMG group were both statistically significant (t=7.61 and 12.85; adjusted P<0.05). The global peripapillary RPC density in the HMG group was (47.1±5.1) %, which was lower than that in the HM group (49.2±3.4)%, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (t=3.76, adjusted P<0.05), with an AUC of 0.63 (95%CI: 0.56 to 0.70). Among these, inferior quadrant RPC density had the highest AUC (AUC=0.79, 95%CI: 0.73 to 0.84). The temporal quadrant RPC density in the HMG group was (44.8±4.5) %, which was close to that in the HM group (45.2±3.8)%, with no statistically significant difference (t=0.74, adjusted P>0.05). Among macular structural parameters, the global average GCC thickness in the HMG group was (85.1±10.5) μm, lower than that in the HM group (92.4±8.2) μm, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (t=6.00, adjusted P<0.05), with an AUC of 0.71 (95%CI: 0.64 to 0.77). The GLV in the HMG group was (14.2±6.8) %, higher than that in the HM group (4.2±3.2) %, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (t=-14.65, adjusted P<0.05), with an AUC of 0.88 (95%CI: 0.85 to 0.91). Analysis of macular blood flow parameters showed that, in the SCP, the inferior inner-ring vessel density in the HMG group was (44.5±5.2)%, lower than that in the HM group (47.8±3.9)%, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (t=5.57, adjusted P<0.05); its discriminatory performance was the best among all SCP sectors, with an AUC of 0.69 (95%CI: 0.62 to 0.76). At the DCP level, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any inner-ring or outer-ring sector (t=1.11, 1.93, 0.69, 0.99, 1.73, 2.20, 0.64, 0.93; adjusted P>0.05). Based on the screening results of single indicators, stepwise multivariable logistic regression models were constructed. Model 1 included inferior peripapillary RNFL thickness and had an AUC of 0.850 (95%CI: 0.810 to 0.890). Compared with Model 1, Model 2 additionally included GLV, and the AUC increased to 0.928 (95%CI: 0.895 to 0.961), with a statistically significant difference compared with Model 1 (DeLong test P<0.05). Compared with Model 2, Model 3 additionally included inner inferior macular SCP capillary density, and the AUC increased to 0.946 (95%CI: 0.918 to 0.974), with a statistically significant difference (DeLong test P<0.05).

Inferior peripapillary RNFL thickness, macular GLV, and inferior inner-ring macular SCP vessel density all have good value for glaucoma discrimination in HM patients. The combination of multimodal structural and blood flow parameters can significantly improve diagnostic performance and provide a basis for the auxiliary diagnosis of HM combined with OAG.

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of static fine color discrimination and dynamic color vision in patients with high myopia under different wavelength conditions.

A total of 34 patients (68 eyes) with high myopia who attended the Ophthalmology Clinic of Peking University Third Hospital between July 2025, and September 2025, were enrolled. Among them, there were 11 males (22 eyes) and 23 females (46 eyes), with ages ranging from 14 to 67 years and a median age of 30 (25.5, 39.25) years. Under standard lighting conditions, participants underwent measure ments of static fine color vision, including the minimum discriminable color difference and recognition time across seven visible light bands (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and violet). Dynamic color visual acuity (DCVA) was assessed under six color stimuli (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet) at angular velocities of 20, 40, 60, and 80 degrees per second (dps). Continuous variables conforming to a normal distribution (DCVA) were expressed as ±s. Non-normally distributed continuous variables, including age, spherical equivalent of the left and right eyes, wavelength thresholds for static fine color vision (minimum discriminable color difference), and reaction time, were expressed as medians (interquartile range). Color vision data were analyzed using ANOVA to test the main effects of variables and their interactions. In the repeated measures ANOVA, Mauchly′s test of sphericity was used to assess the sphericity assumption. When the sphericity assumption was met, univariate repeated measures ANOVA results were used for statistical inference; otherwise, multivariate test results were used as the primary basis for statistical inference.

The minimum discriminable color differences for violet, blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange, and red were 2 (0, 2)nm, 2 (0, 2)nm, 2 (0, 2)nm, 2 (2, 7)nm, 2 (1, 2)nm, 1 (1, 3)nm, and 27 (20, 41)nm, respectively, with statistically significant differences between groups (F=86.520, P<0.05). The corresponding reaction times for these color bands were 14 (9.5, 19)seconds, 10 (6.5, 14)seconds, 12 (7, 15)seconds, 11 (7, 20)seconds, 11 (7.5, 21)seconds, 13 (10, 20.5)seconds, and 31 (18, 47) seconds, respectively, showing statistically significant differences between groups (F=17.206, P<0.05). At an angular velocity of 20 dps, 40 dps, 60 dps, 80 dps, DCVA for red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet were (0.40±0.33)logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), (0.49±0.30)logMAR, (0.69±0.26)logMAR, (0.70±0.29)logMAR, (0.36±0.37)logMAR, (0.34±0.39)logMAR, (0.50±0.38)logMAR, (0.63±0.27)logMAR, (0.76±0.29)logMAR, (0.82±0.26)logMAR, (0.39±0.42)logMAR, (0.41±0.39)logMAR, (0.48±0.40)logMAR, (0.59±0.35)logMAR, (0.78±0.33)logMAR, (0.88±0.31)logMAR, (0.40±0.33)logMAR, and (0.41±0.38)logMAR, (0.39±0.40)logMAR, (0.57±0.31)logMAR, (0.68±0.33)logMAR, (0.86±0.30)logMAR, (0.31±0.41)logMAR, and (0.31±0.39)logMAR, respectively, with statistically significant differences between groups (F=48.728, 23.85, 29.909, 220.31; P<0.05). Repeated measures ANOVA showed the interaction effect was statistically significant (F=2.401, P<0.05).

Patients with high myopia exhibit marked wavelength-dependent differences in static fine color discrimination. DCVA is highly associated with color, showing selective differences across wavelengths. Assessment of dynamic color vision may contribute to a more comprehensive evaluation of functional visual characteristics in high myopia.

The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of age-related cataract (ARC) patients in ultraviolet-irradiated areas and the role and mechanism of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) content in aqueous humor.

From July 2024 to July 2025, 140 ARC patients (140 eyes) who visited Peking University Third Hospital (Beijing), Tibet Autonomous Region People′s Hospital (Lhasa), Chifeng Songshan Hospital (Chifeng), Kezuo Banner Hospital (Tongliao) and Xilinhot Xilingol League Central Hospital were enrolled. Among them, there were 83 patients (83 eyes) female and 57 male (57 eyes) with a mean age of (69.7±9.3) years (ranging from 51 to 89 years ). According to the mean annual accumulated ultraviolet radiation from 2011—2014, subjects were classified into low-ultraviolet groups, medium-ultraviolet groups, and high-ultraviolet groups. According to age, patients were divided into the 50 to <65, ≥65 to <75, ≥75 to <85, and ≥85 groups. All ARC patients underwent routine preoperative cataract examinations before enrollment, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp microscopy, and fundus examination. History of high myopia, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease was queried and recorded. Continuous variables that passed tests for normality (age, BCVA, IOP, GPX, etc.) are described as ±s, between-group comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA, and when differences were statistically significant, pairwise comparisons were further performed using the Bonferroni method. Comparisons between two groups for binary variables used the Mann-Whitney U test; comparisons among multiple groups for ordinal variables used the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Categorical data such as sex and laterality are presented as counts and percentages and compared using the chi-square test. Correlations between continuous variables and ordered categorical variables were assessed with Spearman′s correlation coefficient; correlations between continuous variables were assessed with Pearson′s correlation coefficient. Multivariate linear regression was used to explore factors influencing GPX.

The proportions of patients with cortical opacity >3 scores in the low, medium, and high UV groups were 23.2%, 29.2%, and 44.4%, respectively; the proportions with posterior subcapsular opacity scores >3 were 32.1%, 58.3%, and 75.0%, respectively. The distributions of cortical opacity grading and posterior subcapsular opacity grading differed significantly (H= 6.45, 15.74; P<0.05), whereas nuclear opacity grading showed no significant difference (H=3.78, P> 0.05). The BCVA in the low, medium, and high UV groups were (0.84±0.78) logarithmic minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), (1.53±0.85) logMAR, and (1.81±0.86) logMAR, respectively, with significant differences among groups (F=17.46, P<0.05); pairwise comparisons between low vs. medium and low vs. high UV groups were both statistically significant (adjusted P<0.05). Aqueous humor GPX levels in the low, medium, and high UV groups were (332.19±187.74) U/ml, (292.98±177.55) U/ml, and (183.76±144.06) U/ml, respectively, with significant differences among groups (F=8.16, P<0.05). Pairwise comparisons of low vs. high and medium vs. high UV groups were both significant (adjusted P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in IOP among the low, medium, and high UV groups (F=1.89, P>0.05). The proportion of patients with ≤ 3 scores in 50 to <65 group, ≤ 65 to <75 group, ≤ 75 to <85 group and ≥ 85 group were 74.4%, 72.5%, 54.5% and 30.8%, respectively; The proportion of patients with of 3 to 5 scores in 50 to <65 group, ≤ 65 to <75 group, ≤ 75 to <85 group and ≥ 85 group were 20.9%, 17.6%, 33.3% and 38.4%, respectively; The proportion of patients with ≥ 5 scores in 50 to <65 group, ≤ 65 to <75 group, ≤ 75 to <85 group and ≥ 85 group was > 4.7%, 9.8%, 12.1% and 30.8%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the grading distribution of nuclear opacity in arc patients at different ages ( H=12.11, P<0.05). GPX level was significantly negatively correlated with UV grading, cortical opacity grading, nuclear opacity grading, posterior subcapsular opacity grading, and BCVA (r= -0.33, -0.36, -0.18, -0.27, -0.27; P<0.05), and showed no significant correlation with age or IOP (r= 0.007, -0.005; P>0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that UV grading and cortical opacity grading were independent negative predictors of aqueous humor GPX level (β= -50.45, -62.87, 95%CI: -90.60 to -10.31, -109.14 to -16.60; t=-2.49, -2.69; P<0.05), whereas nuclear opacity grading and posterior subcapsular opacity grading did not significantly affect aqueous humor GPX level (β=16.56, -18.40, 95%CI: -35.20 to 68.32, -59.03 to 20.02; t=-0.63, -0.98; P>0.05).

Long-term exposure to UV radiation reduces aqueous humor GPX levels in ARC patients, impairs ocular antioxidant stress capacity, and is closely associated with aggravated cortical and posterior subcapsular opacities and visual acuity decline. UV radiation grade and cortical opacity grading are key factors affecting aqueous humor GPX levels.

Explore the correlation between axial length/corneal radius ratio (AL/CR) and refractive error, and evaluate the accuracy of AL/CR in predicting pre-myopia in children.

The study selected 4544 cases (9088 eyes) of children aged 4 to 12 years old from kindergartens and primary schools in Weihai City and Guan County, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, who had complete refractive and ocular biological parameter data from the " Shandong Children's Eye Disease Research" project in September to December 2012 as the research subjects. Among them, there were 2451 males (4902 eyes) and 2093 females (4186 eyes); The age range is 4 to 12 years old, with an average age of (8.5 ± 2.2) years. All subjects were examined for refraction, axial length (AL), and corneal curvature radius (CR) before cycloplegia, and auto-refraction was performed after cycloplegia. The data obtained from the detection or calculation of equivalent spherical refraction, axial length, corneal curvature radius, and AL/CR ratio conforms to a normal distribution after normality testing, represented by ±s. The comparison of refractive error, AL, and CR among different age groups was conducted using one-way analysis of variance. The correlation between equivalent spherical (SE) refraction and AL/CR ratio, as well as AL and CR, was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Draw receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculate the optimal cut off value, sensitivity, specificity, youden index, and area under the curve (AUC). The ROC curve analysis results were drawn using cycloplegic refraction with -0.50 D<SE ≤+ 0.75 D as the diagnostic criteria for pre-myopia and AL/CR ratio as the indicator for diagnosing pre-myopia to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy.

Among all 4544 right eyes (4544 eyes) examined, 1481 cases (1481 eyes) were diagnosed with pre-myopia, accounting for 32.6%; the prevalence of pre myopia in all subjects is within the age range of 4 to 12 years old, and shows an increasing trend with age. Among them, the number of cases and pre-myopia cases (percentage) among 112 cases aged 4 were 21 out of 112, accounting for 18.8%; out of 354 cases aged 569 cases accounted for 19.5%; out of 435 cases aged 696 cases accounted for 22.1%; out of 639 cases aged 7195 cases accounted for 30.5%; out of 739 cases aged 8267 cases accounted for 36.1%; out of 541 cases aged 9, 201 cases accounted for 37.2%; out of 702 cases aged 10, 269 cases accounted for 38.3%; out of 560 cases aged 11, there were cases, accounting for 35.7%; among 462 cases aged 12, there were 163 cases, accounting for 35.3%.The SE of 4-year-old children was (1.33±1.18) D, which develops towards myopia at the age of 12 (-0.94±1.89) D. The AL of 4-year-old children was (22.13±0.72) mm, gradually increasing to (23.93±1.09) mm at the age of 12. The AL/CR ratio of 4-year-old children is (2.83±0.09), gradually increasing to (3.03±0.11) at the age of 12. As age increases, the SE, AL, and AL/CR ratios of the subjects all shew an increase towards myopia, and the differences are statistically significant (F=145.66, 197.75, 257.97; P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference in CR, and the difference was not statistically significant (F=0.977, P>0.05). The SE refraction of all 4544 preschool and primary school children aged 4 to 12 years old was negatively correlated with AL and AL/CR ratio, and the correlation was statistically significant (r=-0.736, 0.851; P<0.05). The correlation between SE and CR was not statistically significant (r=-0.028, P>0.05). The optimal cut-off values, sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, and AUC (95%CI) for children of different age groups were 2.86, 0.77, 0.76, 0.53, and [0.815 (0.716, 0.913), P<0.05] at the age of 4; At the age of 5, the values were 2.85, 0.80, 0.64, 0.45, and [0.799 (0.746, 0.852), P<0.05]. At the age of 6, the values were 2.88, 0.82, 0.72, 0.55, and [0.823 (0.777, 0.869), P<0.05]. At the age of 7, the values were 2.93, 0.66, 0.84, 0.50, and [0.805 (0.769, 0.841), P<0.05]. At the age of 8, the values were 2.92, 0.85, 0.66, 0.51, and [0.840 (0.812, 0.867), P<0.05]. At the age of 9, the values were 2.98, 0.70, 0.90, 0.60, and [0.858 (0.827, 0.889), P<0.05]. At the age of 10, the values were 2.96, 0.78, 0.84, 0.62, and [0.878 (0.853, 0.903), P<0.05]. At the age of 11, the values were 3.00, 0.73, 0.88, 0.61, and [0.874 (0.842, 0.905), P<0.05]. At the age of 12, the values were 3.00, 0.75, 0.93, 0.68, and [0.892 (0.861, 0.923), P<0.05]. As age increases, the optimal cut-off values for diagnosing premyopia gradually increases.

AL/CR is highly correlated with refractive error and has high accuracy in predicting premyopia before cycloplegia. In this study, the optimal cut off values for AL/CR prediction in children of different ages can provide a simple and reliable evaluation method for early screening of high-risk children for myopia, which will help with early intervention for myopia prevention.

With the increasing prevalence of myopia, the role of environmental light in regulating refractive development has attracted growing attention. Emerging evidence indicates that short-wavelength light can inhibit excessive axial elongation by regulating retinal dopamine release and can also influence systemic physiological functions, including circadian rhythm, metabolism, and mood, through intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (IPRGC)-mediated non-image-forming visual pathways. These findings suggest that short-wavelength light may exert cross-system regulatory effects through a unified " light-eye-brain axis". The recent advances in understanding the effects of short-wavelength light on systemic health and myopia regulation were reviewed, with particular emphasis on the opsin-dopamine signaling mechanisms and the influence of light environmental parameters. This integrative perspective may provide a theoretical basis for developing light-based strategies for myopia prevention and control.

Myopia is a common refractive error, predominantly occurring in adolescence, and represents one of the most prevalent eye diseases worldwide, imposing a substantial economic burden on patients globally. Particularly, the rising prevalence of high myopia is expected to drive a corresponding increase in the incidence of complications such as myopic maculopathy in the coming years. Public health strategies aimed at slowing the progression from low myopia to high myopia are critical for preventing severe conditions and complications associated with pathological myopia. Numerous studies have explored the pathogenesis of myopia, and a variety of corresponding interventions have been proposed; however, a curative treatment remains elusive. As such, preventing myopia onset and slowing its progression have become the primary measures for addressing the myopia epidemic in contemporary society. Among these, the benefit of 2 hours of daily outdoor activity for myopia control is widely recognized, which may involve factors such as light exposure duration, illuminance, wavelength, frequency, spatial frequency, and ocular accommodation.In animal models, mechanistic studies of myopia control have implicated multiple signaling pathways, while clinical research prioritizes efficacy and safety. The effects of red light, blue light, and violet light—currently the most extensively studied light spectra on myopia were summarized, aiming to provide theoretical references for further research on myopia control and healthy lighting.

Infectious diseases of the eye are one of the major causes of blindness. The rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic microorganisms plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, traditional methods for detecting pathogens have some disadvantages such as a long test time, low positive rate (or lack of specificity). As molecular biological detection technology with high sensitivity, especially the deoxyribonucleic acid amplification-based and sequencing-based detection methods have made great breakthroughs in detecting ocular pathogen microorganisms: specificity; speediness. The current state-of-the-art research and development in molecular detection technologies for ophthalmic pathogens was summarized, including polymerase chain reaction and its derivative techniques, gene chips, and metagenomic sequencing, and explored the application value and problems in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular surface infection disease and intraocular infection disease.