To evaluate the features of carotid web (CW) by ultrasonography.

A total of 66 patients with CW were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to June 2019 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. All patients were examined by both ultrasonography and CTA, and were divided into either a<50% stenosis group (54 cases) or a ≥50% stenosis group (12 cases). The ultrasonographic characteristics of CW, including the length, thickness, direction (forward or backward to the flow), acute angle between the web and carotid wall, and thrombus between the web and carotid wall were compared between the two groups. The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were compared between patients with and without ischemic stroke.

Forty-two (42/66, 63.6%) patients were diagnosed with CW by initial CDFI examination, of whom 21 (21/66, 31.8%) were diagnosed with ulcerative plaque and 3 (3/66, 4.5%) were diagnosed with carotid dissection at first but confirmed by second examination. There were no differences in the web length, thickness, direction, or thrombus detected between the two groups (P>0.05). The angle between the web and carotid wall in the<50% stenosis group was significantly smaller than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (median angel 39o vs 73o, P=0.002), and the percentage of patients with an angle≤ 60o in the<50% stenosis group was significantly higher than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (74.1% vs 41.7%, P=0.042). The diameter of the residual carotid artery at CW location in the<50% stenosis group was significantly larger and peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the<50% stenosis group than in the≥50% stenosis group (P<0.001). The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were not statistically different between patients with and without ischemic stroke (P=0.321).

Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the characteristics of carotid web in 2D and color mode. When the angle between the CW and carotid wall is large, the carotid artery stenosis ≥ 50% is more likely to happen, but carotid artery stenosis is not the main cause of ischemic stroke.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sling exercise, therapeuticultrasound, therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise in patients to alleviate pain and improve lumbar function with lumbar disc herniation.

Individuals were selected from a list of patients being followed at the department of Rehabilitation in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University. 30 patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were collected, the diagnoses were established upon medical history, physical examination, and results of imaging studies. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: therapeuticultrasound group received 14 sessions of ultrasonic therapy to the lumbar region, Sling exercise group received 14 sessions of sling exercise, and therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise group received therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise therapy 14 sessions of therapeuticultrasound to the lumbar region,7 sessions per week, 2 weeks. The VAS and ODI were compared with the assessment of the patients before and at the end of the therapy.

At the end of treatment, three groups VAS scores (F=3.069, P=0.043) and ODI scores (t=12.676, P<0.001) was lower than that at the beginning of treatment (P<0.05), at the end of treatment the VAS scores (F=59.400, P<0.001) and of the ODI scores (t=12.737, P<0.001) of ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy group was lower than the other group, the difference is significantly.

All three groups could reduce pain and improve lumbar function, and the ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy was most effective for lumbar disc herniation treatment in the three groups.

To analyze the treatment of different types of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, and explore its pathogenesis in combination with literature so as to improve the cure rate and reduce disability rate.

The clinical data of 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children were retrospectively analyzed in The Hospital of 81^st Group Army PLA from January 2015 to December 2019. The diagnosis of traumatic cerebral infarction in children was made by CT scan and MRI scan. According to different conditions, children with traumatic cerebral infarction were classified, and different treatment strategies were selected. Children with lacunar infarction were treated with calcium antagonists and neurotrophic drugs, supplemented by hyperbaric oxygen and exercise rehabilitation. The children of focal cerebral infarction and complex cerebral infarction treated by junior dehydrant and hormone also included the calcium antagonist and nutritional nerve drugs. The therapeutic regimen perhaps adjusted by the evolution of the disease. The children of extensive cerebral infarction underwent emergency cranial decompression, and was treated by reducing intracranial pressure and preventing complications after operation. The treatment results and recovery were observed.

In 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, 35 cases (83.3%) were good recovery, 4 cases (9.5%) were moderate disability, 2 cases (4.8%) were severe disability, 1 case (2.4%) died, and no vegetative state. The good recovery rate of lacunar infarction was 100%, that of focal cerebral infarction was 62.5%, that of mixed cerebral infarction was 60%, and that of extensive cerebral infarction was 50%.

It is of great significance to improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis of children with traumatic cerebral infarction to adopt different treatment schemes for different types of cerebral infarction.

To characterize the patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Tibetan Plateau over an altitude of 4000 meters.

A total of 68 cases with supratentorial hypertensive ICH were retrospectively included in Ali Regional People’s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2018. The clinical and laboratory data were collected. A simple linear correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between the amount of bleeding and sex, age, nationality, time from onset , systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol. According to computed tomography (CT) findings, 68 cases were divided into the basal ganglia ICH group (33 cases) and the lobar ICH group (35 cases). The characteristics between two groups were analyzed using t-test or χ² test.

The data of sex, age, nationality, time from onset, SBP, DBP, Hb, TG, and cholesterol of 68 cases on admission did not show any definitive correlation with the hematoma volumes (P＞0.05). The SBP and DBP of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group were significantly higher than that in the lobar ICH group, respectively [(184.9±28.5) mmHg vs (164.6±24.4) mmHg; (113.0±18.1) mmHg vs (103.0±18.4) mmHg] (t=0.499, 0.486; P=0.002, 0.033).

The relevant factors of hematoma volumes in patients with ICH in plateau area were not yet clear. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group was higher than that in those in lobar ICH group.

To compare the efficacy evaluation of electrospun composite biomaterials and a porcine small intestine submucosa mesh for hernia repair.

A randomized, single-blind, controlled multicenter trial was performed in 3 hospitals in Shanghai. Eligible adult patients with primary unilateral reducible groin hernias were randomly assigned (1∶1) to electrospun composite biomaterials (experimental group) or porcine small intestine submucosa (control group) mesh groups. Patients were treated with the tARB technique and assessed at 1,3 and 6 months after the surgery. The primary endpoint was hernia recurrence. The secondary endpoints were postoperative complications including groin pain and operative site infections.

172 patients were assigned to experimental (n=86) and control (n=86) groups. At 6 months follow-up, postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (5/86, 5.95%) and 2 (2/86, 2.35%) patients in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS or SVS score between the two groups.

We demonstrate that electrospun composite biomaterial mesh can be used as a ideal choice for inguinal hernia repair. Electrospun composite biomaterial has the characteristics of low recurrence rate, absorbability and long-term comfort.It can be further applied in clinical practice in the future.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)remains one of the most complicated hepatobiliary operations. The development of minimally invasive surgery for PD has always been an hot spot. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) has not been widespread carried out due to its difficulty and long learning curve. LPD accounts for 9% of all PD, according to the National Cancer Data base. Compared with laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery system has significant advantages in the field of minimally invasive PD, including stereotactic amplified vision, filtering hand tremor and simulating the wrist. The article would review the surgical techniques and notes, which could provide clinical reference for other surgeons.

Toinvestigate the prognostic values of nutrition-and inflammation-related indicators in pancreatic cancer and construct a personalized predictive model.

Clinical data from 158 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent radical resection in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2016 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Cox regression was used to identify markers associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The prognostic nutritional inflammation score (PNIS) system and PNIS-nomogram were developed using the ‘rms’ package and evaluated via time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

The PNIS formula, based on prognostic nutritional index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, alanine aminotransferase, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, stratified patients into low- and high-risk groups, with high-risk patients showing significantly shorter OS (P<0.001) and DFS (P<0.001). The PNIS-nomogram, incorporating pathological grade, N stage, chemotherapy, and smoking history, demonstrated excellent predictive performance for 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS (AUC: 0.896, 0.782, 0.783) and DFS (AUC: 0.775, 0.766, 0.784), with favorable calibration and DCA results.

The PNIS-nomogram serves as a reliable tool for effectively predicting long-term postoperative outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients and may provide new insights into the role of abnormal inflammatory responses and malnutrition in pancreatic cancer.

To investigate the prognostic values of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis, and other pathological features in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after curative resection.

Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 302 patients with pathologically confirmed ICC who underwent curative resection from June 2009 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. TLS in tumor and liver tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and classified as lymphoid aggregates (Agg), primary follicles (FL-1), and secondary follicles (FL-2). Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model.

The median recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 9.9 months (95% CI: 7.14-11.83) and 29.5 months (95% CI: 21.39-36.63), respectively. Intratumoral TLS were observed in 124 patients (41.06%). Multivariate analysis showed that intratumoral TLS positivity was an independent protective factor for RFS (P=0.015) and OS (P=0.006). Perineural invasion was an independent risk factor for RFS (P=0.006) and OS (P<0.001). Lymph node metastasis was also an independent risk factor for OS (P<0.001) and RFS (P<0.001). TLS in liver tissue and TLS maturation were not significantly associated with RFS or OS.

Intratumoral TLS positivity is an independent protective factor for OS and RFS in patients with ICC after surgery, while perineural invasion and lymph node metastasis are independent risk factors. These pathological features may provide valuable references for postoperative prognostic evaluation in ICC.

To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic commom bile duct exploration+laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LTCBDE+LC) versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic sphincterotomy+laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ERCP/EST+LC) in the treatment of patients with gallbladder stones and non-expanding common bile duct stones.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the relevant data of 98 patients with gallbladder stones and non-expanding common bile duct stones from August 2020 to August 2025 in Fuyang City Tumor Hospital. 50 patients underwent LTCBDE + LC (surgical group), and 48 patients underwent ERCP/EST + LC (endoscopic group). The preoperative and intraoperative data, postoperative recovery conditions, and complications of the two groups of patients were observed.

There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative baseline data and laboratory tests between the two groups. The intraoperative blood loss of the surgical group (23.68±8.97) ml was comparable to that of the endoscopic group (25.90±9.80) ml, with no significantly statistical difference. The operation time of the surgical group (105.76±21.47) min was significantly shorter than that of the endoscopic group (146.67±23.19) min, with statistical difference (P<0.05). The postoperative time to get out of bed, postoperative defecation time, postoperative removal time of abdominal drainage tube/nasobiliary tube, and postoperative pain score of the surgical group were significantly better than those of the endoscopic group [(6.88±2.36) h, (19.63±4.93) h, (4.02±0.33) d, (2.65±1.08) points], with statistical differences (P<0.05). The postoperative hospital stay and treatment cost of the surgical group (3.84±0.89) days and (25 624.46±2 599.82) yuan were also significantly better than those of the endoscopic group [(6.42±1.15) days, (28 672.56±3 835.13) yuan], with statistical differences (P<0.05). The overall complication rate of the endoscopic group (27.08%) was significantly higher than that of the surgical group (10.00%), with statistical difference (P<0.05).

Compared with ERCP/EST + LC, LTCBDE + LC can reduce intraoperative blood loss, accelerate postoperative recovery, reduce treatment costs, and decrease postoperative complications. Under the premise of strictly controlling the surgical indications, it is worthy of clinical application.

To investigate the expression of SF3B5 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients, and to reveal the function and molecular mechanisms of SF3B5 in PTC progression.

The expression levels of SF3B5 in PTC and normal tissues from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed for their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. A retrospective study was conducted on 95 patients with PTC selected by simple random sampling from January 2011 to June 2015. Clinicopathological data were collected, and SF3B5 expression in PTC tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The Chi-square test, univariate, and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the correlation between SF3B5 and PTC clinicopathological characteristics. TPC-1 and KTC-1 cell lines with overexpressing SF3B5 were constructed for cell phenotype experiments to investigate the effects of SF3B5 on cell proliferation and migration. Total RNA was extracted for transcriptome sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) enrichment analyses were performed on the transcriptome sequencing data and TCGA database data. Downstream pathway molecules were validated by Western blotting.

(1) TCGA database analysis showed that SF3B5 expression was lower in PTC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. SF3B5 expression was significantly decreased in PTC tissues with BRAF mutation, extrathyroidal extension, lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM), T3/T4 stage, and R1/R2 resection status (P<0.05). (2) Immunohistochemical staining analysis revealed low SF3B5 expression in 50 cases and high expression in 45 cases among PTC tissues. Compared to patients with high SF3B5 expression, the proportion of patients with LLNM was significantly higher in the low SF3B5 expression group (P=0.043). (3) Low SF3B5 expression and extrathyroidal extension were independent risk factors affecting LLNM in PTC patients. (4) SF3B5 inhibited PTC progression through the JAK-STAT and TGF-β signaling pathways.

SF3B5 is downregulated in PTC, and its low expression serves as an independent risk factor for lateral lymph node metastasis in PTC patients. Mechanistically, SF3B5 suppresses tumor progression through negative regulation of the JAK-STAT and TGF-β signaling pathways. These findings suggest that SF3B5 may serve as a novel biomarker for assessing metastatic risk and represent a potential therapeutic target in PTC.

To evaluate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and its antibiotic resistance profile in the population of Shenzhen.

A total of 7 000 participants were enrolled. Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained during gastroscopy, followed by endoscopic and histopathological evaluation. Hp infection status and antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of extracted genomic DNA.

The overall Hp infection rate among participants was 55.36% from 2023 to 2025. The peak infection rate occurred in participants aged 25-34 years. Among the 3 875 infected individuals screened for antibiotic resistance, the clarithromycin resistance rate was 40.75%, and the fluoroquinolone resistance rate was 22.63%. Higher clarithromycin resistance rates were observed in children and adolescents. Patients with histologically confirmed gastric atrophy exhibited the highest infection rate, while antibiotic resistance was most frequently observed in infected cases with concomitant intestinal metaplasia. Persistent infections demonstrated higher antibiotic resistance rates compared to initial infections.

This study presents a comprehensive update on Hp infection in southern China, characterizing its current prevalence patterns, emerging antibiotic resistance profiles, and clinical associations.

To construct a “Three-Dimensional and Four-Level” interdisciplinary supervisor team training model and evaluate its effectiveness in cultivating the research competence of postgraduates in general surgery, compared with the traditional single-supervisor model.

A total of 112 academic master’s degree postgraduates in general surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2020 to 2023 were enrolled. They were divided into interdisciplinary supervisor team training (experimental group, n=32) and traditional single-supervisor training (control group, n=80). The training outcomes were assessed by comparing six quantitative indicators (including the number of published papers, total impact factor, the number of granted invention patents, National Scholarship acquisition rate, outstanding graduate selection rate, and doctoral program admission success rate) and teaching satisfaction scores between the two groups.

The experimental group demonstrated statistically significant superiority in all the six quantitative indicators over the control group (P<0.05). Notably, the average number of published papers per capita, total impact factor, and the average number of authorized invention patents per capita showed marked improvement. The overall teaching satisfaction score was also significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.01).

The “Three-Dimensional and Four-Level” interdisciplinary supervisor team model, by integrating multidisciplinary resources and implementing a stepwise training pathway, can significantly enhance the research innovation capability, output quality, and training satisfaction of postgraduates in general surgery. This model provides a practical and replicable paradigm for optimizing postgraduate training system under the backgroud of “New Medical Science”.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as a major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, have demonstrated significant efficacy in the systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, the application of neoadjuvant therapy with ICIs in liver transplantation for HCC has become a hot topic, aiming to reduce tumor burden and improve transplant outcomes through pre-operative immune activation. However, ICIs may exacerbate post-transplant immune rejection, and their safety and efficacy still require careful evaluation. Based on the latest domestic and international research progress, this article reviews the current status and key issues regarding the application of neoadjuvant therapy with ICIs in liver transplantation for HCC.

Over the past six decades, liver transplantation has witnessed continuous advancements in its technical system and clinical concepts, and has now become standardized treatment for end-stage liver disease. Notably, large-for-size liver syndrome (LFSS) caused by graft-recipient size mismatch remains one of the major challenges restricting the efficacy of adult liver transplantation. Accurate preoperative assessment, rational surgical planning, and targeted intraoperative intervention are key links in preventing and controlling this complication. With the in-depth study of its pathological mechanism, targeted intervention strategies such as delayed abdominal closure, graft volume reduction, and portal blood flow regulation have been constantly improved. The application of innovative technologies including augmented reality, virtual reality, three-dimensional printing, and artificial intelligence further provides multi-modal visual support for preoperative assessment and planning. This article systematically reviews the research progress on the core mechanism of LFSS and summarizes the innovative application of various new technologies in liver transplantation surgery, aiming to provide theoretical support and technical route reference for improving the clinical prognosis of liver transplantation.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the Neuroform Atlas stent in the endovascular treatment of wide-neck intracranial aneurysms (WNIAs).

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 27 patients with WNIAs who underwent Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted intervention in the Neurosurgery Department of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from October 2022 to October 2024. Postoperative DSA was performed immediately, and the Raymond-Roy classification was used to assess aneurysm occlusion status. Perioperative complications were recorded. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Imaging follow-up was performed at 12 months after surgery to assess the aneurysm occlusion status and the incidence of complications.

All 27 patients successfully underwent stent implantation, with a technical success rate of 100%. Immediate postoperative DSA showed complete occlusion (Raymond-Roy grade Ⅰ) in 25 cases (92.59%) and residual neck (grade Ⅱ) in 2 cases (7.41%). Perioperative complications occurred in 2 patients (7.41%): 1 case (3.70%) of intraoperative aneurysm rerupture and 1 case (3.70%) of postoperative intracranial hemorrhage. Upon discharge, 24 patients (88.89%) showed good neurological function recovery (mRS score 0-2), while 3 patients (11.11%) presented moderate neurological dysfunction (mRS score 3-5). At 3 months after discharge, mRS scores were 0 in 24 patients (88.89%), 1 in 1 patient (3.70%), and 2 in 2 patients (7.41%). At 12 months postoperatively, all patients completed imaging follow-up, showing Raymond-Roy grade Ⅰ in 24 cases (88.89%) and grade Ⅱ in 3 cases (11.11%), with no stent-related complications observed.

Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted embolization for WNIAs demonstrates a high procedural success rate and favorable safety profile.

Currently, post-stroke functional rehabilitation is characterized by slow recovery, poor prognosis, and high cost. The overall-facilitation-technology (OFT) based on the theory of neural plasticity can address the efficacy issues in stroke rehabilitation. Through holistic clinical reasoning analysis and specific manual stimulation, OFT stimulates the reconstruction of neural pathways and functional reorganization, providing evidence and technical means for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis judgment of post-stroke dysfunction. This paper focuses on the framework of the OFT system, aiming to systematically sort out its core components, hierarchical logic and rehabilitation mechanisms of functional recovery, as well as its rehabilitation content and synergistic relationship of OFT in the chain. It also deeply analyzes the advantageous characteristics, existing bottlenecks and optimization paths of this technical system in practical application. Through a comprehensive deconstruction and in-depth discussion of the OFT system, this study not only provides a new therapeutic approach for stroke functional rehabilitation, but also offers a clear theoretical framework and research direction for further study of OFT, with theoretical support and practical reference for subsequent relevant research and practice.

In recent years, the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system have gradually attracted clinical attention. Dysphagia is the main or sole clinical manifestation of some autoimmune diseases of the nervous system. The etiology of dysphagia is complex. The common causes are cerebrovascular diseases, oral cavity, esophagus and other space occupying lesions. When autoimmune diseases of the nervous system cause damage to the structural and functional components related to swallowing, the clinical manifestation of dysphagia will occur. This article reviews the research progress of autoimmune diseases of nervous system that may cause dysphagia, aiming to provide references for early diagnosis, clinical assessment, auxiliary examinations and treatment strategies, and to provide a basis for expanding the etiological understanding and diagnostic analysis approaches of dysphagia.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has the advantages of safety, non-invasive, low cost, simple portability and high time resolution. It has been widely used in the research and clinical treatment of brain injury, epilepsy, depression and Parkinson disease. As an effective monitoring method, it can well link the recovery of various functional disorders after stroke with the impact of brain functional regions, and provide more accurate evaluation and guidance for clinical rehabilitation. This article reviews the technical features of fNIRS, along with its applications and progress in treating conditions like post-stroke cognitive impairment, dysphagia, aphasia, and depression, aiming to provide a reference for the treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients.