To evaluate the features of carotid web (CW) by ultrasonography.

A total of 66 patients with CW were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to June 2019 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. All patients were examined by both ultrasonography and CTA, and were divided into either a<50% stenosis group (54 cases) or a ≥50% stenosis group (12 cases). The ultrasonographic characteristics of CW, including the length, thickness, direction (forward or backward to the flow), acute angle between the web and carotid wall, and thrombus between the web and carotid wall were compared between the two groups. The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were compared between patients with and without ischemic stroke.

Forty-two (42/66, 63.6%) patients were diagnosed with CW by initial CDFI examination, of whom 21 (21/66, 31.8%) were diagnosed with ulcerative plaque and 3 (3/66, 4.5%) were diagnosed with carotid dissection at first but confirmed by second examination. There were no differences in the web length, thickness, direction, or thrombus detected between the two groups (P>0.05). The angle between the web and carotid wall in the<50% stenosis group was significantly smaller than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (median angel 39o vs 73o, P=0.002), and the percentage of patients with an angle≤ 60o in the<50% stenosis group was significantly higher than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (74.1% vs 41.7%, P=0.042). The diameter of the residual carotid artery at CW location in the<50% stenosis group was significantly larger and peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the<50% stenosis group than in the≥50% stenosis group (P<0.001). The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were not statistically different between patients with and without ischemic stroke (P=0.321).

Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the characteristics of carotid web in 2D and color mode. When the angle between the CW and carotid wall is large, the carotid artery stenosis ≥ 50% is more likely to happen, but carotid artery stenosis is not the main cause of ischemic stroke.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sling exercise, therapeuticultrasound, therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise in patients to alleviate pain and improve lumbar function with lumbar disc herniation.

Individuals were selected from a list of patients being followed at the department of Rehabilitation in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University. 30 patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were collected, the diagnoses were established upon medical history, physical examination, and results of imaging studies. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: therapeuticultrasound group received 14 sessions of ultrasonic therapy to the lumbar region, Sling exercise group received 14 sessions of sling exercise, and therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise group received therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise therapy 14 sessions of therapeuticultrasound to the lumbar region,7 sessions per week, 2 weeks. The VAS and ODI were compared with the assessment of the patients before and at the end of the therapy.

At the end of treatment, three groups VAS scores (F=3.069, P=0.043) and ODI scores (t=12.676, P<0.001) was lower than that at the beginning of treatment (P<0.05), at the end of treatment the VAS scores (F=59.400, P<0.001) and of the ODI scores (t=12.737, P<0.001) of ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy group was lower than the other group, the difference is significantly.

All three groups could reduce pain and improve lumbar function, and the ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy was most effective for lumbar disc herniation treatment in the three groups.

To analyze the treatment of different types of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, and explore its pathogenesis in combination with literature so as to improve the cure rate and reduce disability rate.

The clinical data of 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children were retrospectively analyzed in The Hospital of 81^st Group Army PLA from January 2015 to December 2019. The diagnosis of traumatic cerebral infarction in children was made by CT scan and MRI scan. According to different conditions, children with traumatic cerebral infarction were classified, and different treatment strategies were selected. Children with lacunar infarction were treated with calcium antagonists and neurotrophic drugs, supplemented by hyperbaric oxygen and exercise rehabilitation. The children of focal cerebral infarction and complex cerebral infarction treated by junior dehydrant and hormone also included the calcium antagonist and nutritional nerve drugs. The therapeutic regimen perhaps adjusted by the evolution of the disease. The children of extensive cerebral infarction underwent emergency cranial decompression, and was treated by reducing intracranial pressure and preventing complications after operation. The treatment results and recovery were observed.

In 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, 35 cases (83.3%) were good recovery, 4 cases (9.5%) were moderate disability, 2 cases (4.8%) were severe disability, 1 case (2.4%) died, and no vegetative state. The good recovery rate of lacunar infarction was 100%, that of focal cerebral infarction was 62.5%, that of mixed cerebral infarction was 60%, and that of extensive cerebral infarction was 50%.

It is of great significance to improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis of children with traumatic cerebral infarction to adopt different treatment schemes for different types of cerebral infarction.

To characterize the patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Tibetan Plateau over an altitude of 4000 meters.

A total of 68 cases with supratentorial hypertensive ICH were retrospectively included in Ali Regional People’s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2018. The clinical and laboratory data were collected. A simple linear correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between the amount of bleeding and sex, age, nationality, time from onset , systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol. According to computed tomography (CT) findings, 68 cases were divided into the basal ganglia ICH group (33 cases) and the lobar ICH group (35 cases). The characteristics between two groups were analyzed using t-test or χ² test.

The data of sex, age, nationality, time from onset, SBP, DBP, Hb, TG, and cholesterol of 68 cases on admission did not show any definitive correlation with the hematoma volumes (P＞0.05). The SBP and DBP of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group were significantly higher than that in the lobar ICH group, respectively [(184.9±28.5) mmHg vs (164.6±24.4) mmHg; (113.0±18.1) mmHg vs (103.0±18.4) mmHg] (t=0.499, 0.486; P=0.002, 0.033).

The relevant factors of hematoma volumes in patients with ICH in plateau area were not yet clear. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group was higher than that in those in lobar ICH group.

To compare the efficacy evaluation of electrospun composite biomaterials and a porcine small intestine submucosa mesh for hernia repair.

A randomized, single-blind, controlled multicenter trial was performed in 3 hospitals in Shanghai. Eligible adult patients with primary unilateral reducible groin hernias were randomly assigned (1∶1) to electrospun composite biomaterials (experimental group) or porcine small intestine submucosa (control group) mesh groups. Patients were treated with the tARB technique and assessed at 1,3 and 6 months after the surgery. The primary endpoint was hernia recurrence. The secondary endpoints were postoperative complications including groin pain and operative site infections.

172 patients were assigned to experimental (n=86) and control (n=86) groups. At 6 months follow-up, postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (5/86, 5.95%) and 2 (2/86, 2.35%) patients in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS or SVS score between the two groups.

We demonstrate that electrospun composite biomaterial mesh can be used as a ideal choice for inguinal hernia repair. Electrospun composite biomaterial has the characteristics of low recurrence rate, absorbability and long-term comfort.It can be further applied in clinical practice in the future.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)remains one of the most complicated hepatobiliary operations. The development of minimally invasive surgery for PD has always been an hot spot. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) has not been widespread carried out due to its difficulty and long learning curve. LPD accounts for 9% of all PD, according to the National Cancer Data base. Compared with laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery system has significant advantages in the field of minimally invasive PD, including stereotactic amplified vision, filtering hand tremor and simulating the wrist. The article would review the surgical techniques and notes, which could provide clinical reference for other surgeons.

To investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological features, and ultrasonographic characteristics of accessory cavitated uterine malformation (ACUM), and to improve the accuracy of its ultrasonographic diagnosis.

Three patients (patient 1, 2, 3) with ACUM who presented to the Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, from 2015 to 2025 were enrolled. All patients were diagnosed with ACUM by ultrasonography (including transabdominal, transvaginal, and transrectal ultrasound; hereafter collectively referred to as ultrasonography) and subsequently confirmed by histopathological examination of surgically resected specimens. Their clinical manifestations, pathological findings, ultrasonographic features, treatment, and therapeutic outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. In addition, a literature review of studies related to ACUM published in Chinese and international databases from January 1, 2010 to March 1, 2025 was conducted to summarize the clinical characteristics of ACUM and the key points for ultrasonographic diagnosis.

① All 3 patients diagnosed with ACUM in our center sought medical attention because of severe dysmenorrhea refractory to medical treatment. Patient 1 also had endometrial polyps and endometriosis, and patient 3 had right ovarian cyst. Transvaginal or transrectal ultrasound revealed a mass adjacent to the uterus near the uterine horn, containing a cystic anechoic area with poor sound transmission; fine punctate echoes were visible within the anechoic area. Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) results showed strip-like blood flow signals around the mass. Histopathological examination results of the resected specimens of 3 patients showed that the lesions were located within the myometrium; the inner wall was lined by endometrial glands and interstitium, and the outer layer was surrounded by smooth muscle, forming a uterus-like structure. All 3 patients underwent laparoscopic excision of the accessory cavitated mass. Dysmenorrhea completely resolved in patient 2 and 3, whereas patient 1 continued to have obvious left lower abdominal pain, which was aggravated during menstruation. ② Literature review results: a total of 64 studies on ACUM were included, involving 176 ACUM patients. Comprehensive analysis of the clinical data of 179 patients with ACUM, including the 3 patients in the present study, showed that the patients ranged in age from 14 to 47 years, with a mean age of 24.6 years. The most common chief complaint was dysmenorrhea (82.4%, 108/131), followed by chronic pelvic or abdominal pain (36.4%, 47/129), and 3 patients reported infertility. ACUM located on the left side of the uterus accounted for 55.9% and on the right side accounted for 43.6%, and 1 case located on the posterior uterine wall. The diameter of all accessory cavities was ≤10 cm. Treatment methods of ACUM included laparoscopic mass excision (85.6%), laparoscopic hysterectomy (2.5%), open mass excision (7.6%), ethanol sclerotherapy (4.2%), and open hysterectomy (0.8%). Among patients who completed follow-up, 87.5% experienced complete resolution of clinical symptoms after surgery.

For young women with progressively worsening dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain that are refractory to medical treatment, ACUM should be considered if an isolated thick-walled cystic-solid structure with a regular shape is found in the myometrium by ultrasonography.

To analyze the efficacy of eribulin alone or combination therapy in different molecular subtypes of advanced breast cancer based on multicenter data.

This retrospective study collected clinical data of 184 patients with advanced breast cancer who received eribulin treatment between January 2021 and December 2024 at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (n=121), Beijing Chaoyang District Sanhuan Cancer Hospital (n=40), and Shenzhen Hospital of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (n=23). According to molecular subtypes of breast cancer, it was classified into 4 groups: hormone receptor-positive (HR+) /HER-2- (n=88), HR+/HER-2+ (n=9), HR-/HER-2+ (n=11), and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (n=76). Based on treatments, patients were categorized into 3 groups: eribulin alone, combination with antiangiogenic agents, or combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoint included objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR). The survival curve was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Log-rank method was used for survival analysis.

The median PFS of all 184 patients was 4.6 months (95%CI: 3.9–5.3), the ORR was 33.1% (61/184), and CBR was 82.6% (152/184). The median PFS of HR+/HER-2-, HR+/HER-2+, HR-/HER-2+, and TNBC were 5.0 (95%CI: 4.1-5.9), 4.1 (95%CI: 2.7-5.5), 3.5 (95%CI: 2.2-4.8), and 4.4 (95%CI: 3.6-5.3) months, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the 4 groups (χ²=2.654, P>0.05); The ORRs were 39.8% (35/88), 22.2% (2/9), 36.4% (4/11), and 26.3% (20/76), respectively; The CBRs were 83.0% (73/88), 77.8% (7/9), 72.7% (8/11), and 84.2% (64/76), respectively. In the HR+/HER-2- group, the median PFS of 71 patients who had previously received cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) treatment was 5.3 months (95% CI: 4.4-6.3), with an ORR of 39.4% (28/71). The median PFS of patients receiving combination therapy with elibulin (n=121) and without antivascular therapy (n=63) were 4.5 months (95%CI: 3.8–5.2) and 4.9 months (95%CI: 3.4–6.5) respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ²=1.693, P>0.05) . Among combination treatments, the median PFS of eribulin combined with bevacizumab, anlotinib, and apatinib were 4.4 (95%CI: 3.4–5.4) , 4.5 (95%CI: 3.6-5.4) , and 2.9 months, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ²=0.855, P>0.05) .

Eribulin alone or in combination therapy all have a certain anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced breast cancer of different molecular types (including CDK4/6i drug resistant HR+/HER-2- subtype) .

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of three cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors (abemaciclib, dalpiciclib, and ribociclib) currently available in China for patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER-2-negative (HR+/HER-2-) breast cancer.

Clinical data of 337 HR+/HER-2- breast cancer patients who received CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy at four hospitals in Jilin Province (the First, Second, and Third Bethune Hospitals of Jilin University, and Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital) from March 2021 to December 2025 were retrospectively collected. Patients were stratified by clinical stage into the early-stage cohort (stage Ⅱ–Ⅲ, n=160) and the advanced-stage cohort (stage Ⅳ, n=177), and by different CDK4/6 inhibitors received, into the abemaciclib group (n=82), dalpiciclib group (n=119), and ribociclib group (n=136). Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and intergroup comparisons were performed using the log-rank test. Analyze the occurrence of adverse events (AE) in each group of patients, and the factors influencing AE were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

All patients were followed up until January 1, 2026. In the early-stage cohort, the 3-year invasive disease-free survival rates for the abemaciclib, dalpiciclib, and ribociclib groups were 83.2%, 87.4%, and 100%, respectively，indicating a significant difference across the three groups (χ²=7. 338，P=0. 025). In the advanced-stage cohort, the median progression-free survival in the three groups was 32.0 months (95%CI: 25.3–NA), 36.7 months (95%CI: 30.4–NA), and 24.2 months (95%CI: 22.2–NA), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ²=3. 292，P=0. 193). The overall incidences of AE in the early-stage cohort were 97.2% (35/36), 96.8% (30/31), and 97.8% (91/93) for the abemaciclib, dalpiciclib, and ribociclib groups, respectively; in the advanced-stage cohort, the corresponding incidences were 95.7% (44/46), 97.7% (86/88), and 97.7%(42/43), respectively, with no statistically significant difference in both cohorts (χ²=0.125, 0.525; P=0.939, 0.769). The AE profiles differed substantially among the three CDK4/6 inhibitors. The abemaciclib group showed the highest incidences of anemia [early-stage cohort: 55.6% (20/36); advanced-stage cohort: 69.6% (32/46)], diarrhea [early-stage cohort: 88.9% (32/36); advanced-stage cohort: 89.1% (41/46)], interstitial lung disease (ILD) [early-stage cohort: 5.6% (2/36); advanced-stage cohort: 8.7% (4/46)], and venous thromboembolism (VTE) [early-stage cohort: 2.8% (1/36); advanced-stage cohort: 6.5% (3/46)]. The dalpiciclib group had the highest incidences of neutropenia [early-stage cohort: 93.5% (29/31); advanced-stage cohort: 94.3% (83/88)] and leukopenia [early-stage cohort: 93.5% (29/31); advanced-stage cohort: 95.4% (84/88)]. The ribociclib group showed the highest incidences of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) /aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [early-stage cohort: 34.4% (32/93)/36.6% (34/93); advanced-stage cohort: 39.5% (17/43) for both] and QTc interval prolongation [early-stage cohort: 1.1% (1/93); advanced-stage cohort: 2.3% (1/43)]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that drug type was an independent risk factor for grade ≥3 AEs. In the early-stage cohort, both abemaciclib (OR=2.847, 95%CI: 1.270–6.384, P=0.011) and dalpiciclib group (OR=7.047, 95%CI: 2.776–17.889, P<0.001) had a higher risk of grade ≥3 AEs compared with ribociclib group. In the advanced-stage cohort, dalpiciclib group (OR=4.670, 95%CI: 2.054–10.618, P<0.001) had a significantly higher risk of grade ≥3 AEs than abemaciclib group, while the risk in ribociclib group was not significantly different from that in the abemaciclib group (OR=2.365, 95%CI: 0.948–5.900, P=0.065).

All three CDK4/6 inhibitors demonstrated favorable efficacy and acceptable safety in patients with HR+/HER-2- breast cancer; however, their AE profiles and risk of grade ≥3 AEs differ significantly.

To identify influencing factors for recurrence and metastasis in patients with HER-2 positive breast cancer, and to establish a risk prediction model.

According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 209 HER-2 positive breast cancer patients from four tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province between January 2021 and December 2024 were retrospectively enrolled as the training set, and 121 patients from two tertiary hospitals between January 2024 and May 2025 were included as the external validation set. The clinicopathological data of patients were collected and analyzed. Univariate analysis and LASSO regression were performed to screen for predictive factors, and multivariate logistic regression was adopted to determine the final variables for constructing a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the discrimination, calibration and clinical practicability of the model.

Seven predictive variables were finally screened out by multivariate logistic regression, including age, time since diagnosis, tumor size, family history, lymphedema, completion of targeted therapy and completion of chemotherapy. The results showed that time since diagnosis ≥1 year (OR=2.520, 95%CI: 1.017-6.245, P=0.046) and tumor diameter >5 cm (OR=2.998, 95%CI: 1.209-7.431, P=0.018) were risk factors for recurrence and metastasis in patients with HER-2 positive breast cancer; age ≥50 years (OR=0.366, 95%CI: 0.149-0.898, P=0.028) , completion of targeted therapy (OR=0.334, 95%CI: 0.128-0.872, P=0.025) and completion of chemotherapy (OR=0.028, 95%CI: 0.005-0.150, P=0.001) were protective factors. A nomogram was constructed based on the 5 statistically significant variables. In the training set, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model was 0.865 (95%CI: 0.808-0.922) with a specificity of 0.963; the Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded a good calibration (χ²=4.632, P=0.462). The AUC of the external validation set was 0.817 (95%CI: 0.715-0.919) with a specificity of 0.946 and the results of Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a good calibration (χ²=6.833, P=0.555). DCA indicated stable and considerable clinical net benefit by applying this model within the risk threshold range of 0.2-0.8.

Patient age, time since diagnosis, tumor size, chemotherapy completion and targeted therapy completion are influencing factors for recurrence and metastasis in patients with HER-2 positive breast cancer. The prediction model established based on the above-mentioned factors can provide references for individualized clinical risk assessment.

To detect the expression levels of serum biomarkers in patients with mass-stage granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM), breast cancer and breast fibroadenoma based on high-throughput sequencing results, and to explore their diagnostic values.

A cross-sectional diagnostic trial was conducted. A total of 165 patients (55 cases in each group) with mass-stage GLM, breast cancer and breast fibroadenoma in the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine from December 2021 to October 2022 were enrolled. Surgical pathological diagnosis was used as the gold standard. General data including age, gender, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were collected; routine blood tests, liver and kidney function tests were performed. RT-PCR was adopted to detect the serum expression levels of miR-451a, miR-5571-3p, CLN6, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) and phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4). Statistical differences in clinical indicators and the serum levels of the five biomarkers among the three groups were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC), Pearson correlation analysis and sensitivity analysis adjusting for age as a confounding factor were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy, correlation and result robustness of the five serum biomarkers.

The BMI in the GLM group, breast cancer group and fibroadenoma group was 23.9±3.6, 22.4±3.9 and 21.3±3.2 respectively, with a statistically significant difference (F=10.136, P<0.001). There were significant differences in white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (N), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet count (PLT) and globulin (GLO) among the three groups (H=73.693, 72.788, 33.533, 56.689, 20.531, 35.497, all P<0.001); all above indicators were significantly higher in the GLM group than in the fibroadenoma group and breast cancer group (P<0.05). Comparison of the serum levels of miR-451a, miR-5571-3p, CLN6, HSD11B1, and PDE4 among the three groups revealed significant differences （H=99.760, 80.560, 73.550, 75.966, 74.998, all P<0.001）. Compared with the fibroadenoma group, the expression of miR-451a and miR-5571-3p was significantly increased in the GLM group [0.95 (0.58, 1.19) and 7.36 (4.38, 9.50)], but significantly decreased in the breast cancer group [0.08 (0.05, 0.14) and 0.48 (0.22, 0.72)] (P<0.001, P<0.01). The CLN6 expression was significantly elevated in both the GLM and breast cancer groups, indicating a significant difference between two groups [1. 14 (0. 80, 1. 69) and 1.38 (1. 00, 2. 22), P<0.001]. The breast cancer group showed significantly higher levels of HSD11B1 and PDE4 [1.80 (1.17, 2.66) and 1.40 (1.01, 2.40)] than the GLM group [0.93 (0.55, 1.37) and 0.69 (0.47, 1.13)] (P<0.01). For GLM group, miR-451a (AUC=0.96, 95%CI: 0.91–1.00), miR-5571-3p (AUC=0.90, 95%CI: 0.85-0.96), and the combined detection of miR-451a and miR-5571-3p (AUC=1.00, 95%CI: 1.00-1.00) exhibited high diagnostic value. For breast cancer group, the combined detection of miR-451a and miR-5571-3p (AUC=0.98, 95%CI: 0.96-1.00) showed high diagnostic value; miR-451a (AUC=0.85, 95%CI: 0.79-0.92), miR-5571-3p (AUC=0.83, 95%CI: 0.76–0.90), HSD11B1 (AUC=0.84, 95%CI: 0.77-0.91) and PDE4 (AUC=0.83, 95%CI: 0.76-0.90) demonstrated good diagnostic value; CLN6 (AUC=0.75, 95%CI: 0.67-0.83) had moderate diagnostic value. For fibroadenoma group, CLN6 had high diagnostic value (AUC=0.91, 95%CI: 0.86-0.95); HSD11B1 (AUC=0.88, 95%CI: 0.83-0.93) and PDE4 (AUC=0.88, 95%CI: 0.83-0.94) showed good diagnostic value; the combined detection of miR-451a and miR-5571-3p (AUC=0.76, 95%CI: 0.63-0.88) had moderate diagnostic value. Correlation analysis demonstrated that miR-451a was moderately positively correlated with miR-5571-3p (r=0.637, P<0.05), CLN6 with HSD11B1 (r=0.402, P<0.05), and HSD11B1 with PDE4 (r=0.503, P<0.05). Both miR-451a and miR-5571-3p also showed moderate positive correlations with WBC, N, NLR and CRP (r=0.434–0.659, all P<0.05).

miR-451a and miR-5571-3p, especially their combined detection, show high diagnostic value for mass-stage GLM. The combination of miR-451a and miR-5571-3p for breast cancer and CLN6 for breast fibroadenoma show promising potential in diagnostic value, which may provide evidences for differential diagnosis.

随着乳腺癌早诊早治水平不断提高及系统治疗持续优化，患者长期生存显著改善，治疗相关心血管并发症已成为影响治疗连续性、长期预后和生活质量的重要因素。近年来，乳腺肿瘤心脏病学的关注重点由单一药物相关毒性的识别转向覆盖治疗前、治疗中及治疗后的全程管理。治疗前的管理重点在于识别需要心血管评估的高危人群，包括既往心血管疾病患者、合并多种心血管危险因素者，以及拟接受蒽环类、抗HER-2治疗、胸部放射治疗或免疫治疗的患者。治疗中影响抗肿瘤治疗连续性的心血管问题主要包括心功能下降、免疫治疗相关心肌炎及内分泌治疗相关心血管事件等。治疗后长期幸存者远期心力衰竭、心肌梗死等心血管事件与总体不良预后相关，提示肿瘤复发监测与心血管危险因素管理应同时纳入长期随访。本文整合国内外最新指南、共识与代表性文献，系统阐述乳腺癌全程管理中的肿瘤心脏病学问题，以期指导临床实践。

性健康问题已成为乳腺癌患者全程管理的重要议题，性健康作为健康相关生活质量的重要组成部分日益受到关注。本文从流行病学现状、多维度影响机制、测评工具及干预手段等方面系统阐述乳腺癌患者性健康研究进展。流行病学调查显示乳腺癌患者性功能障碍发生率超过70%，但获得支持性照护者不足半数；手术、化疗及内分泌治疗可经生理—心理—社会途径损害性健康。测评方面建议以女性性功能指数为核心构建多维评估体系。研究显示心理干预可缓解性困扰，多模式联合干预优于单一疗法。未来需开发本土化评估工具、开展大样本追踪研究并推进跨学科综合管理。

To explore the application value of the adherent culture method of large tissue blocks in the in vitro isolation, culture and large-scale preparation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs).

The large tissue block method was used to isolate and culture hUC-MSCs. Cell morphology and growth status were observed by an inverted phase-contrast microscope. Cell proliferation was detected using the CCK-8 assay. Multidirectional differentiation potential was assessed through osteogenic/chondrogenic induction experiments. Cell surface markers were identified using flow cytometry.

Compared with the traditional adherent culture method, the harvest of hUC-MSCs was higher by the large tissue block method (1.5 × 10⁶ cells/dish vs 1.0 × 10⁶ cells/dish), with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The proliferative activity of cells obtained by both methods was comparable, and there was no statistically significant difference in doubling time (P > 0.05). Cell migration was observed after 5 days of culture, fibroblast-like cells migrated out from 6 to 10 days, and the fusion rate exceeded 80 % after 2 weeks. The proliferation activity of P3 generation cells was excellent, the surface markers met international standards, and they had the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes.

The large tissue block method is simple to operate, highly efficient and low-loss, could obtain high-purity and high-activity hUC-MSCs, with good promotion value.

To investigate the mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in alleviating CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis in mice by regulating ferroptosis through the SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling axis.

Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, CCl₄ model group, and low-, medium-, high-dose TMP groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). Except for the control group, mice were intraperitoneally injected with a mixture of CCl₄ and olive oil (1 : 10, 5 mL/kg) twice weekly for 8 weeks. From week 5, mice in the TMP groups were administered TMP by gavage once daily for 4 weeks. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured to evaluate liver function. Histopathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson's trichrome, and Sirius red staining. The expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, Fibronectin, SLC7A11, and GPX4 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and their mRNA levels were determined by qPCR. Fe²⁺, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured using commercial assay kits. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparison among multiple groups, and Tukey's post-hoc test was used for pairwise comparison between groups. If the data did not conform to normal distribution or homogeneity of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test was adopted, and Dunn's test was used for pairwise comparison between groups.

Compared with the model group, the levels of ALT [(251.70 ± 10.80) vs (450.00 ± 14.49) U/L] and AST [(236.70 ± 10.80) vs (427.50 ± 12.14) U/L], the degree of collagen fiber deposition in liver tissue [Masson: (1.10 ± 0.07)% vs (1.72 ± 0.17) %, Sirius Red: (0.17 ± 0.02) % vs (0.45 ± 0.04) %], the protein levels of α-SMA (1.17 ± 0.27 vs 8.08 ± 0.48), COL1A1 (4.30 ± 0.73 vs 18.78 ± 0.93) and Fibronectin (1.60 ± 0.32 vs 7.75 ± 0.60), the contents of Fe²⁺ [(2.60 ± 0.14) vs (3.63 ± 0.19) μmol/g protein] and MDA [(0.72 ± 0.03) vs (1.12 ± 0.07) nmol/mg protein] were decreased in the high-dose TMP group, while the protein levels of SLC7A11 (0.98 ± 0.05 vs 0.29 ± 0.03) and GPX4 (0.73 ± 0.08 vs 0.14 ± 0.03), the activity of SOD [(1 413.00 ± 47.19) vs (1 147.00 ± 42.74) U/mg protein] and the content of GSH [(1.60 ± 0.07) vs (1.15 ± 0.07) μmol/g protein], the mRNA levels of SLC7A11 (0.80 ± 0.07 vs 0.10 ± 0.03) and Gpx4 (0.75 ± 0.07 vs 0.37 ± 0.05) were increased, all these differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05).

TMP may alleviate CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis in mice by regulating the SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling axis to inhibit ferroptosis, which has potential anti-fibrotic application value.

To prepare the effects of rat liver decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold on pancreatic islet cell viability and secretory function, providing a novel biomaterial for pancreatic islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes treatment.

Rat livers were processed using perfusion decellularization. The scaffold structure and core components were characterized through histological staining, immunofluorescence staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The retention of bioactive factors such as platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor in the scaffold was detected using ELISA kits. Biocompatibility was assessed via DNA content quantification, DAPI staining, and CCK-8 assay using L929 cells. Functional modification of the decellularized scaffold was achieved by perfusion with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The effects of the PRP-modified scaffold on pancreatic islet cell viability and function were verified using immunofluorescence staining and cell viability staining. Comparisons between two groups were performed using independent samples t-test, comparisons among three groups were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by LSD-t test for pairwise comparisons. For the two-factor design, a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed, with Bonferroni correction applied for multiple comparisons.

The liver decellularized scaffold prepared by perfusion appeared translucent white macroscopically, retained the natural multi-level vascular structure, and exhibited a porous network morphology microscopically. Various staining methods confirmed significant decellularization efficiency with preservation of core matrix proteins such as type I collagen and fibronectin, as well as multiple bioactive factors. Specifically, the relative retention rates of fibroblast growth factor and glycosaminoglycans reached (88.05 ± 9.87)% and (90.77 ± 3.32)%, respectively. The scaffold demonstrated good biocompatibility, being acellular with residual DNA content as low as (5.25 ± 2.18) ng/mg, and significantly promoted L929 cell proliferation. The scaffold enhanced the insulin secretory function of pancreatic islet cells, the stimulation index in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay for the scaffold group was significantly higher than that of the control group (2.78 ± 0.08 vs 2.33 ± 0.14), with statistical significance (P < 0.01). PRP modification significantly increased the content of growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor, in the scaffold, showing statistical significance (P < 0.05). The PRP-modified scaffold positively promoted pancreatic islet cell viability and function.

The preparation process for the rat liver decellularized scaffold is reliable, yielding a scaffold with both structural integrity and bioactivity. The PRP-modified scaffold effectively supports the maintenance of islet cell viability and function, presenting a promising novel scaffold material and technical strategy for islet transplantation.