To evaluate the features of carotid web (CW) by ultrasonography.

A total of 66 patients with CW were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to June 2019 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. All patients were examined by both ultrasonography and CTA, and were divided into either a<50% stenosis group (54 cases) or a ≥50% stenosis group (12 cases). The ultrasonographic characteristics of CW, including the length, thickness, direction (forward or backward to the flow), acute angle between the web and carotid wall, and thrombus between the web and carotid wall were compared between the two groups. The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were compared between patients with and without ischemic stroke.

Forty-two (42/66, 63.6%) patients were diagnosed with CW by initial CDFI examination, of whom 21 (21/66, 31.8%) were diagnosed with ulcerative plaque and 3 (3/66, 4.5%) were diagnosed with carotid dissection at first but confirmed by second examination. There were no differences in the web length, thickness, direction, or thrombus detected between the two groups (P>0.05). The angle between the web and carotid wall in the<50% stenosis group was significantly smaller than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (median angel 39o vs 73o, P=0.002), and the percentage of patients with an angle≤ 60o in the<50% stenosis group was significantly higher than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (74.1% vs 41.7%, P=0.042). The diameter of the residual carotid artery at CW location in the<50% stenosis group was significantly larger and peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the<50% stenosis group than in the≥50% stenosis group (P<0.001). The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were not statistically different between patients with and without ischemic stroke (P=0.321).

Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the characteristics of carotid web in 2D and color mode. When the angle between the CW and carotid wall is large, the carotid artery stenosis ≥ 50% is more likely to happen, but carotid artery stenosis is not the main cause of ischemic stroke.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sling exercise, therapeuticultrasound, therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise in patients to alleviate pain and improve lumbar function with lumbar disc herniation.

Individuals were selected from a list of patients being followed at the department of Rehabilitation in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University. 30 patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were collected, the diagnoses were established upon medical history, physical examination, and results of imaging studies. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: therapeuticultrasound group received 14 sessions of ultrasonic therapy to the lumbar region, Sling exercise group received 14 sessions of sling exercise, and therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise group received therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise therapy 14 sessions of therapeuticultrasound to the lumbar region,7 sessions per week, 2 weeks. The VAS and ODI were compared with the assessment of the patients before and at the end of the therapy.

At the end of treatment, three groups VAS scores (F=3.069, P=0.043) and ODI scores (t=12.676, P<0.001) was lower than that at the beginning of treatment (P<0.05), at the end of treatment the VAS scores (F=59.400, P<0.001) and of the ODI scores (t=12.737, P<0.001) of ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy group was lower than the other group, the difference is significantly.

All three groups could reduce pain and improve lumbar function, and the ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy was most effective for lumbar disc herniation treatment in the three groups.

To analyze the treatment of different types of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, and explore its pathogenesis in combination with literature so as to improve the cure rate and reduce disability rate.

The clinical data of 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children were retrospectively analyzed in The Hospital of 81^st Group Army PLA from January 2015 to December 2019. The diagnosis of traumatic cerebral infarction in children was made by CT scan and MRI scan. According to different conditions, children with traumatic cerebral infarction were classified, and different treatment strategies were selected. Children with lacunar infarction were treated with calcium antagonists and neurotrophic drugs, supplemented by hyperbaric oxygen and exercise rehabilitation. The children of focal cerebral infarction and complex cerebral infarction treated by junior dehydrant and hormone also included the calcium antagonist and nutritional nerve drugs. The therapeutic regimen perhaps adjusted by the evolution of the disease. The children of extensive cerebral infarction underwent emergency cranial decompression, and was treated by reducing intracranial pressure and preventing complications after operation. The treatment results and recovery were observed.

In 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, 35 cases (83.3%) were good recovery, 4 cases (9.5%) were moderate disability, 2 cases (4.8%) were severe disability, 1 case (2.4%) died, and no vegetative state. The good recovery rate of lacunar infarction was 100%, that of focal cerebral infarction was 62.5%, that of mixed cerebral infarction was 60%, and that of extensive cerebral infarction was 50%.

It is of great significance to improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis of children with traumatic cerebral infarction to adopt different treatment schemes for different types of cerebral infarction.

To characterize the patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Tibetan Plateau over an altitude of 4000 meters.

A total of 68 cases with supratentorial hypertensive ICH were retrospectively included in Ali Regional People’s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2018. The clinical and laboratory data were collected. A simple linear correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between the amount of bleeding and sex, age, nationality, time from onset , systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol. According to computed tomography (CT) findings, 68 cases were divided into the basal ganglia ICH group (33 cases) and the lobar ICH group (35 cases). The characteristics between two groups were analyzed using t-test or χ² test.

The data of sex, age, nationality, time from onset, SBP, DBP, Hb, TG, and cholesterol of 68 cases on admission did not show any definitive correlation with the hematoma volumes (P＞0.05). The SBP and DBP of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group were significantly higher than that in the lobar ICH group, respectively [(184.9±28.5) mmHg vs (164.6±24.4) mmHg; (113.0±18.1) mmHg vs (103.0±18.4) mmHg] (t=0.499, 0.486; P=0.002, 0.033).

The relevant factors of hematoma volumes in patients with ICH in plateau area were not yet clear. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group was higher than that in those in lobar ICH group.

To compare the efficacy evaluation of electrospun composite biomaterials and a porcine small intestine submucosa mesh for hernia repair.

A randomized, single-blind, controlled multicenter trial was performed in 3 hospitals in Shanghai. Eligible adult patients with primary unilateral reducible groin hernias were randomly assigned (1∶1) to electrospun composite biomaterials (experimental group) or porcine small intestine submucosa (control group) mesh groups. Patients were treated with the tARB technique and assessed at 1,3 and 6 months after the surgery. The primary endpoint was hernia recurrence. The secondary endpoints were postoperative complications including groin pain and operative site infections.

172 patients were assigned to experimental (n=86) and control (n=86) groups. At 6 months follow-up, postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (5/86, 5.95%) and 2 (2/86, 2.35%) patients in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS or SVS score between the two groups.

We demonstrate that electrospun composite biomaterial mesh can be used as a ideal choice for inguinal hernia repair. Electrospun composite biomaterial has the characteristics of low recurrence rate, absorbability and long-term comfort.It can be further applied in clinical practice in the future.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)remains one of the most complicated hepatobiliary operations. The development of minimally invasive surgery for PD has always been an hot spot. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) has not been widespread carried out due to its difficulty and long learning curve. LPD accounts for 9% of all PD, according to the National Cancer Data base. Compared with laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery system has significant advantages in the field of minimally invasive PD, including stereotactic amplified vision, filtering hand tremor and simulating the wrist. The article would review the surgical techniques and notes, which could provide clinical reference for other surgeons.

To compare the short-term clinical efficacy of the three-arm and four-arm Da Vinci robotic surgical systems in radical resection of sigmoid colon cancer and mid-high rectal cancer, so as to provide reference for clinical application.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of patients who underwent sigmoid colon or mid-high rectal cancer surgery using the three-arm or four-arm Da Vinci robotic surgical system in the Department of Colorectal Oncological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2019 to February 2025 were collected. The patients were grouped according to the surgical methods. There were 118 cases in the three-arm group and 87 cases in the four-arm group. The preoperative general data, surgery-related indicators, pathological results, postoperative recovery, complications, and treatment costs of the two groups of patients were compared and analyzed. The differences in short-term clinical efficacy were evaluated through statistical methods.

There were no significant differences in the data such as age (t=−1.376, P=0.985), gender composition (χ²=0.624, P=0.430), body mass index (t=1.192, P=0.392), tumor location (χ²=0.673, P=0.412), maximum tumor diameter (t=0.364, P=0.547), and comprehensive TNM staging of the tumor (χ²=0.639, P=0.726) between the two groups of patients. In terms of surgery-related indicators, the operation time of the four-arm group was shorter than that of the three-arm group (t=4.859, P=0.004), the intraoperative blood loss was less (t=3.191, P<0.01), the time to first postoperative exhaust was earlier (t=8.742, P=0.040), and the time to first intake of liquid food after surgery was earlier (t=4.340, P=0.038). In terms of pathological features, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the gross type of the tumor (χ²=0.019, P=0.891), histological type (χ²=0.891, P=0.345), degree of differentiation (χ²=0.993, P=0.609), number of lymph nodes detected (t=1.455, P=0.367), nerve invasion (χ²=2.371, P=0.124), vascular invasion (χ²=0.013, P=0.910), lymphatic vessel invasion (χ²=0.118, P=0.731), circumferential resection margin of tumor (P=1.000), and the upper and lower tumor resection margins (P=1.000). There were no significant differences in the postoperative hospital stay (t=0.182, P=0.534), treatment costs (t=−0.367, P=0.713), and the occurrence of complications (all P>0.05) between the two groups of patients. All patients achieved R0 resection.

Compared with the three-arm Da Vinci system, the four-arm Da Vinci system shows better operation efficiency and advantages in postoperative recovery in colorectal cancer surgery, and does not affect the radical resection of the tumor, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Comparison of short-term efficacy between domestic robot and laparoscope in patients undergoing radical resection for rectal cancer.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of rectal cancer patients who underwent radical resection of rectal cancer in the Department of Colorectal Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. A total of 476 patients were enrolled in the study, including 50 cases in the domestic robot group (Group K) and 426 cases in the laparoscopic group (Group L). After propensity score matching (PSM), there were 39 cases in Group K and 114 cases in Group L. Group K used the KD-SR-01 surgical robot system, while Group L used the traditional laparoscopic system. The postoperative complications and other postoperative - related outcomes were compared between the two groups.

All patients underwent successful surgery, with no conversion to open surgery or palliative surgery, resulting in a 100% surgical success rate. Compared with Group L, Group K showed a lower incidence of postoperative complications (χ²=3.959, P=0.047), less intraoperative blood loss (Z=−5.155, P<0.001), and a shorter time to first postoperative flatus (Z=−5.692, P<0.001). The NASA-TLX score indicated that Group K was significantly superior to Group L in terms of the surgeon’s subjective physical demand (Z=−3.25, P=0.001). On the first postoperative day, the neutrophil count in Group K was significantly lower than that in Group L (t=−2.07, P=0.04). On the fifth postoperative day, both the white blood cell count and neutrophil count in Group K were significantly lower than those in Group L (white blood cell count: t=−4.57, P<0.001; neutrophil count: t=−5.32, P<0.001). Meanwhile, among obese/overweight patients, Group K had a lower incidence of postoperative complications, less intraoperative blood loss, and a shorter time to first postoperative flatus compared with Group L. In terms of postoperative pathology, the two groups showed similar results in all indicators except that Group K had more lymphovascular invasion (χ²=6.12, P=0.013).

Compared with laparoscopy, the application of domestic surgical robot in the short-term efficacy after radical resection for rectal cancer patients shows lower incidence of complications, less intraoperative blood loss, faster postoperative flatus, lower postoperative inflammatory levels, and less physical consumption for surgeons. For overweight and obese rectal cancer patients, the domestic surgical robot also provides lower incidence of postoperative complications, less blood loss, and faster time to first flatus

To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted by microsatellite stability(MSS) colorectal cancer cells after radiotherapy on the function of CD8⁺T cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

CT-26 cells were treated with 0 Gy, 10 Gy, and 20 Gy radiation doses, and cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, while apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry to determine the optimal radiation dose. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Western blot. CD8⁺T cells were cultured alone (control group) or co-cultured with exosomes (experimental group), followed by functional analysis via flow cytometry. Exosomal transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches were employed to investigate the impact of radiotherapy on the composition of CT-26 derived exosomes.

A 10 Gy radiation dose did not significantly affect the proliferation of CT-26 cells. Radiation did not significantly alter the morphology or secretion quantity of exosomes released by CT-26 cells, but it modified the proportions of some non-coding RNAs and the composition of metabolites within the exosomes. Differential metabolite enrichment analysis revealed that the altered metabolites in exosomes from irradiated CT-26 cells were primarily enriched in immune-related metabolic pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse, retinoic acid metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. Compared to the blank group, CT-26 exosomes (control group) suppressed CD8⁺T cell function (blank group vs. control group: CD44⁺CD8⁺T cells: 60.720±3.529 vs. 42.640±2.378, t=9.501, P<0.001; IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺T cells: 2.362±0.418 vs. 1.632±0.198, t=3.532, P=0.008). However, exosomes from irradiated CT-26 cells reversed this suppression, restoring CD8⁺T cell function to a level close to that of the blank group (radiation group vs. control group: CD44⁺CD8⁺T cells: 61.720±3.891 vs. 42.640±2.378, t=9.357, P<0.001; IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺T cells: 2.512±0.469 vs. 1.632±0.198, t=3.858, P=0.010).

Radiotherapy can reprogram the metabolism of exosomes derived from MSS colorectal cancer cells, thereby activating the anti-tumor immune function of CD8⁺T cells.

To investigate the relationship between the phenotypic characteristics of CD8⁺ exhausted T cells (CD8⁺Tex) in the tumor microenvironment before immune checkpoint blockage (ICB) therapy and pathological complete response in colorectal cancer patients.

Tumor samples from 20 colorectal cancer patients treated with ICB before treatment were analyzed using public single-cell database (GSE236581). The proportion of CD8⁺Tex subgroups, terminal exhaustion scores, tumor-specific scores, and T cell receptor(TCR) diversity were compared between patients with pathological complete response and those without complete response.

The proportion of CD8⁺Tex in the pathological complete response group was significantly higher than in the pathological non-complete response group (χ²=935.45, P<0.05). In addition, the terminal exhaustion score and tumor-specific score were higher in the pathological complete response group than in the non-complete response group (t=7.53, P<0.05; t=10.13, P<0.05), and this phenomenon was independently observed in both dMMR and pMMR subgroups. Lastly, the TCR diversity of CD8⁺Tex cells in the pathological complete response group was significantly higher (t=3.65, P<0.05), and dMMR patients had higher diversity than pMMR patients.

A high proportion, high terminal exhaustion status, and high TCR diversity of CD8⁺Tex cells in tumors before treatment are key markers for predicting ICB efficacy, independent of MSI status. This finding provides new evidence for extending ICB therapy to pMMR patients.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with surgical resection remaining the cornerstone of curative treatment. Although laparoscopic surgery has significantly advanced the development of minimally invasive treatments, the traditional abdominal wall-assisted incision still carries risks of postoperative pain, incisional hernia, and infection. Against this backdrop, natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES), which eliminates the need for abdominal wall incisions, has emerged as a research focal focus in colorectal cancer surgery. Through systematic exploration and technological innovation led by Chinese scholars such as professor Wang Xishan, NOSES in China has transitioned from its nascent phase to a relatively mature stage, significantly improving postoperative quality of life for patients. However, this surgical approach still faces two critical challenges: aseptic and tumor-free safety. This review aims to systematically summarize the research progress on aseptic and tumor-free issues in NOSES for colorectal cancer, integrates global technical practice variations and innovations in intelligent assistive devices, and proposes strategies for technical standardization and clinical translation.

The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is closely linked to immune regulation within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this complex setting, neutrophils, as key components of the innate immune system, exhibit remarkable heterogeneity and functional plasticity. Recent studies have demonstrated that tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) play a dual role in inflammation-driven tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and the formation of a metastatic microenvironment in colorectal cancer, primarily through the release of cytokines, proteases, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Their specific functions are not a simple "either-or" dichotomy but rather represent a functional continuum dynamically shaped by intricate signaling networks within the TME. This article provides a systematic review of the molecular regulatory networks, clinical relevance, and therapeutic potential of TANs in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. Furthermore, we conclude that future research should focus on elucidating the characteristics of different TAN subsets, the mechanisms underlying their functional polarization, and how targeted interventions can improve the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients, thereby offering novel strategies and references for the clinical prevention and treatment of this disease.

To explore the association between critical shoulder angle (CSA) and calcific supraspinatus tendinitis (CST) in the rotator cuff, analyzing the possibility of CSA enlargement as a potential high-risk factor for CST from both clinical and imaging perspectives, and provide theoretical basis for early diagnosis and precise treatment of CST.

All CST patients who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China from June 2017 to January 2024 were included. The patients with no other shoulder joint diseases before surgery and undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery were enrolled in the CST group, while the patients with rotator cuff tears and history of shoulder surgery were excluded. An equal number of patients admitted to the hospital during the same period due to clavicle fractures were matched and included in the control group. The shoulder joint X-rays of all the patients before operation were extracted, and CSA was measured twice by the same researcher at one month interval. Independent sample t test was used to compare the CSA values of CST group and control group. The patients in CST group were divided into different subgroups according to CSA size, and the associations between visual analog scale (VAS) for shoulder pain and American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), University of California shoulder score (UCLA) and other functional scoring systems scores before operation and at one year after operation were analyzed.

A total of 100 patients were enrolled, with 50 cases in the CST group and 50 cases in the control group available for analysis. The average CSA in CST group (39.6±3.7) ° was higher than that of the control group (34.5±1.5) ° (t=8.97, P<0.001). Patients with larger CSA in the CST group had higher pain scores and poorer functional scores before surgery (t=3.81, P<0.05). After surgery, the pain and functional scores in the CST group were improved, and there were no statistically significant differences in the pain and functional scores among the different CSA subgroups (all P>0.05). The proportion of typeⅢ acromion (hook type) in the CST group was 56% (28/50), while only 12% (6/50) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=21.58, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in VAS, ASES, and UCLA scores between the two groups after surgery (all P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in VAS, ASES, and UCLA scores (all P>0.05) between the patients whether underwent rotator cuff repair.

There is a correlation between CST and increased CSA, suggesting that increased CSA may be a high-risk factor for CST occurrence. Although CST patients with larger CSA may have poorer shoulder joint function before surgery, pain and functional scores after surgery could still show similar improvements as the small CSA patients.

To analyze the effect of orthopedic robot-assisted femoral neck system (FNS) fixation in the treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures.

A total of 81 patients with unstable femoral neck fractures admitted to department of trauma orthopedics of No.215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry were selected from June 2021 to June 2024. According to the surgical methods, the enrolled patients were divided into robot group (orthopedic robot + FNS fixation, n=46) and control group (artificial surgery + FNS fixation, n=35). Inculusion criteria: unilateral unstable femoral neck fractures, age 18 to 75 years, normal hip before the fracture, patient accepted robot assisted or traditional FNS fixation with complete information. Exclusion criteria: hip fracture history, pathologic fractures or multi-fractures, follow-up duration less than six months, vital organ dysfunction, severe osteoporosis, etc. The surgical indicators, numerical rating scale (NRS), Harris hip score (HHS), pain factors and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups by t test, analysis of variance, and chi square test.

The intraoperative blood loss volume and intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency in the robot group were 25 (22, 31) ml and (14±3) times, which were less than 31 (26, 38) ml and (15±3) times in the control group (Z=4.631, t=2.455, both P<0.05). The success rate of one-time nail placement was 100.0% in the robot group which was higher than 80.0% in the control group (Fisher’s exact test P=0.002). There were no statistical differences in surgical time and hospitalization time between groups (Z=1.639, t=1.693, both P>0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the NRS score in the two groups showed a decreasing trend (time-point F=227.30, P<0.001; between groups F=8.83, interaction F=3.75, both P<0.05), and the NRS scores were 5.7±1.1 and 4.1±1.0 in the robot group at one day and three days after surgery, which were lower than 6.5±1.3 and 4.8±1.1 in the control group (t=2.715, 2.878, both P<0.05). HHS score in both groups showed an increasing trend (time-point F=483.43, P<0.001, between-group F=5.31, P=0.022, interaction F=1.49, P>0.05), and HHS score in the robot group were 82±9 at three months after surgery, which was higher than 76±7 in the control group (t=3.311, P<0.05), while there was no statistical significance in HHS score at six months after surgery between groups (t=1.548, P>0.05). Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the two groups increased first and then decreased, and no statistical differences were exhibited in PGE₂ and NPY between groups at one day after surgery (t=1.664, 1.717, both P>0.05). PGE₂ and NPY in the robot group at three days after surgery were lower than those in the control group (t=2.155, 2.586, both P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in total incidence rate of postoperative complications between the robot group (10.9%) and the control group (17.1%) (χ²=0.667, P>0.05).

Orthopedic robot-assisted FNS fixation for unstable femoral neck fractures can effectively relieve the postoperative pain, and promote the short-term hip joint recovery, and it has small trauma to patients and is conducive to postoperative rehabilitation.

To investigate the correlation between the degree of lower limb alignment correction (neutral alignment vs. residual valgus) and clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with varying degrees of valgus knee deformity.

A retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent primary TKA at Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from March 2019 to November 2022 due to unilateral knee valgus deformity. Patients with extra-articular deformities and those using restrictive prostheses were excluded. A total of 157 patients were enrolled. According to preoperative femorotibial angle (FTA) measured on Ximages, the patients were divided into three groups: mild valgus group (7°< FTA < 15°, n=80), moderate valgus group (15°≤FTA ≤ 30°, n=56), and severe valgus group (FTA > 30°, n=21). FTA, range of motion (ROM), Hospital for Special Surgery score (HSS), Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and patient satisfaction were recorded and analyzed statistically. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, independent samples t test, and chi square or Fisher’s exact test.

The mean follow-up was (34.2±5.8) months. In the preoperative mild valgus group, patients with postoperative neutral alignment showed significantly higher satisfaction (χ²=10.02), HSS (F=3.78), and WOMAC (F=3.44) compared to those with postoperative valgus alignment (all P<0.05). In the preoperative moderate and severe valgus group, the patients with postoperative valgus alignment showed significantly higher satisfaction (χ²=8.97, 6.24, both P<0.05) and greater improvement of HSS (F=4.85, t=4.91, both P<0.05), WOMAC (F=3.53, t=6.54, both P<0.05), and SF-36 score (F=3.52, t=2.18, both P<0.05) than thepatients with postoperative neutral alignment. Deep vein thrombosis occurred in one case in moderate group, artificial prosthesis aseptic loosening occurred in two cases in severe group. No infection, anchylosis or recurrent dislocation of knee-cap occurred during follow-up.

For mild valgus before operation, correction to neutral alignment achieved better outcomes than leaving residual valgus. For preoperative moderate and severe valgus, retaining residual valgus postoperatively ensured satisfactory clinical outcomes too.

To verify the effect of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) secreted by the previously constructed microcapsule cell complex on osteogenic differentiation of surrounding bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs).

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect BMP2 release from the microcapsule cell complex in the induction group (using medium containing doxycycline inducer) and the control group (using medium without doxycycline inducer). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-qPCR) and western blot experiments were used to verify the effect of the microcapsule cell complex in the BMSC(-), BMSC7 d, and BMSC14 d groups on the osteogenic gene and protein expression of surrounding rBMSCs. Immunohistochemistry was used to verify the osteogenic induction ability of the microcapsule cell complex in the control group, untransfected group, uninduced group, and induced group on surrounding rBMSCs. Alizarin staining and von Kossa staining were used to verify the effect of the microcapsule cell complex in the blank group, control group, and induced group on the osteogenic differentiation of surrounding rBMSCs. All experiments in this study were repeated three times; quantitative data were discribed as ±s. Repeated measurement analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way ANOVA were used to statistically analyze differences between groups.

After doxycycline (DOX) induction, hBMP2 protein secretion gradually increased in the induced group (F=234.6, R²=0.9902, P<0.05, Tukey multiple test among groups: all P<0.05). After DOX induction stopped on day 21, hBMP2 protein secretion decreased compared with the previous data (Tukey multiple test among groups: all P<0.05). qRT-PCR experiments confirmed that after DOX induction, the expression of BMP2 (F=26.7, P<0.05), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) (F=115.9, P<0.05), and osteocalcin (OCN) (F=1652, P<0.05) in rBMSCs surrounding the microcapsule cell complex was upregulated over time. Western blot results indicated that at the protein level, hBMP2 secretion in rBMSCs surrounding the microcapsule cell complex after DOX induction.BMP2 and RUNX2 proteins were detected. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the complex enhanced the expression of RUNX2 (F=110.3, P<0.05), OCN (F=125.6, P<0.05), and type I collagen (COL1) in surrounding rBMSCs (F=157.2, P<0.05). Staining experiments further confirmed that the complex enhanced calcium nodules and calcium salt deposition in peripheral rBMSCs.

This microcapsule cell complex can achieve on-demand release of BMP2, effectively inducing osteogenic differentiation of peripheral BMSCs, providing a new strategy for gene-enhanced bone tissue engineering, and has potential clinical application value.

To investigate whether smartphone photo screening can be used as a more simple, efficient and widely available method for rapid screening of flatfoot.

A screening was conducted on October 15, 2024, in a middle school in Guangzhou, and informations such as gender and age of students were collected. Inclusion criteria: age from 12 to 14 years, the students could standing on one foot for at least five seconds without other supporting. Exclusion criteria: abnormality of foot or ankle, student was incompetent to cooperate, incomplete data, etc. Orthopedic surgeons used smartphones to photograph the inside position of feet while standing on one foot and were screened by the pictures. Plantar pressure screening was performed using pressure plate measurements (ZKBF-D1E, JOINCA), measuring foot width and length, plantar contact areas of forefoot, midfoot and heel, pressures on ground of forefoot, midfoot and heel, loads of forefoot, midfoot and heel, and arch types. The screening outcomes of smartphone-based photo and plantar-pressure were compared using the McNemar test, and differences in their data characteristics were evaluated with independent-samples t test.

A total of 596 students (332 males and 264 females) were photo-screened, and 85 students (49 males and 36 females, 170 feet) completed both screenings. The positive detection rate for plantar pressure (62.9%) was higher than that for smartphone photography (41.8%) (χ²=22.34, P<0.001), and the characteristics with statistically significant differences between the two screening methods were in line.

The features of reduced heel load and increased midfoot load in photo-screened positive feet are consistent with the results of plantar pressure screening, but smartphone photography cannot be directly used for rapid screening of adolescent flatfoot yet.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves the small peripheral joints, and the main lesions include inflammatory reaction, synovial cell proliferation and synovial neovascularization. According to Chinese medicine, "dampness, heat and stasis" are the main theories of RA’s pathogenesis. Chinese medicine compound preparation and its main active ingredients can inhibit the inflammatory reaction, the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and synovial blood vessel neovascularization, thus preventing the deterioration of RA. Therefore, it is promising to explore the pharmacodynamic mechanism of Chinese medicine compound preparation and its main active ingredients on RA angiogenesis. This article aimed to investigate traditional Chinese medicine compound formulations with "warming the meridians and dispelling cold" and "dispelling wind and dampness" effects, along with their primary active components, to provide a theoretical basis for their therapeutic application in RA through anti-inflammatory, anti-FLS proliferation, and anti-angiogenic pathways.