To evaluate the features of carotid web (CW) by ultrasonography.

A total of 66 patients with CW were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to June 2019 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. All patients were examined by both ultrasonography and CTA, and were divided into either a<50% stenosis group (54 cases) or a ≥50% stenosis group (12 cases). The ultrasonographic characteristics of CW, including the length, thickness, direction (forward or backward to the flow), acute angle between the web and carotid wall, and thrombus between the web and carotid wall were compared between the two groups. The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were compared between patients with and without ischemic stroke.

Forty-two (42/66, 63.6%) patients were diagnosed with CW by initial CDFI examination, of whom 21 (21/66, 31.8%) were diagnosed with ulcerative plaque and 3 (3/66, 4.5%) were diagnosed with carotid dissection at first but confirmed by second examination. There were no differences in the web length, thickness, direction, or thrombus detected between the two groups (P>0.05). The angle between the web and carotid wall in the<50% stenosis group was significantly smaller than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (median angel 39o vs 73o, P=0.002), and the percentage of patients with an angle≤ 60o in the<50% stenosis group was significantly higher than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (74.1% vs 41.7%, P=0.042). The diameter of the residual carotid artery at CW location in the<50% stenosis group was significantly larger and peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the<50% stenosis group than in the≥50% stenosis group (P<0.001). The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were not statistically different between patients with and without ischemic stroke (P=0.321).

Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the characteristics of carotid web in 2D and color mode. When the angle between the CW and carotid wall is large, the carotid artery stenosis ≥ 50% is more likely to happen, but carotid artery stenosis is not the main cause of ischemic stroke.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sling exercise, therapeuticultrasound, therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise in patients to alleviate pain and improve lumbar function with lumbar disc herniation.

Individuals were selected from a list of patients being followed at the department of Rehabilitation in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University. 30 patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were collected, the diagnoses were established upon medical history, physical examination, and results of imaging studies. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: therapeuticultrasound group received 14 sessions of ultrasonic therapy to the lumbar region, Sling exercise group received 14 sessions of sling exercise, and therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise group received therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise therapy 14 sessions of therapeuticultrasound to the lumbar region,7 sessions per week, 2 weeks. The VAS and ODI were compared with the assessment of the patients before and at the end of the therapy.

At the end of treatment, three groups VAS scores (F=3.069, P=0.043) and ODI scores (t=12.676, P<0.001) was lower than that at the beginning of treatment (P<0.05), at the end of treatment the VAS scores (F=59.400, P<0.001) and of the ODI scores (t=12.737, P<0.001) of ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy group was lower than the other group, the difference is significantly.

All three groups could reduce pain and improve lumbar function, and the ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy was most effective for lumbar disc herniation treatment in the three groups.

To analyze the treatment of different types of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, and explore its pathogenesis in combination with literature so as to improve the cure rate and reduce disability rate.

The clinical data of 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children were retrospectively analyzed in The Hospital of 81^st Group Army PLA from January 2015 to December 2019. The diagnosis of traumatic cerebral infarction in children was made by CT scan and MRI scan. According to different conditions, children with traumatic cerebral infarction were classified, and different treatment strategies were selected. Children with lacunar infarction were treated with calcium antagonists and neurotrophic drugs, supplemented by hyperbaric oxygen and exercise rehabilitation. The children of focal cerebral infarction and complex cerebral infarction treated by junior dehydrant and hormone also included the calcium antagonist and nutritional nerve drugs. The therapeutic regimen perhaps adjusted by the evolution of the disease. The children of extensive cerebral infarction underwent emergency cranial decompression, and was treated by reducing intracranial pressure and preventing complications after operation. The treatment results and recovery were observed.

In 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, 35 cases (83.3%) were good recovery, 4 cases (9.5%) were moderate disability, 2 cases (4.8%) were severe disability, 1 case (2.4%) died, and no vegetative state. The good recovery rate of lacunar infarction was 100%, that of focal cerebral infarction was 62.5%, that of mixed cerebral infarction was 60%, and that of extensive cerebral infarction was 50%.

It is of great significance to improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis of children with traumatic cerebral infarction to adopt different treatment schemes for different types of cerebral infarction.

To characterize the patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Tibetan Plateau over an altitude of 4000 meters.

A total of 68 cases with supratentorial hypertensive ICH were retrospectively included in Ali Regional People’s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2018. The clinical and laboratory data were collected. A simple linear correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between the amount of bleeding and sex, age, nationality, time from onset , systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol. According to computed tomography (CT) findings, 68 cases were divided into the basal ganglia ICH group (33 cases) and the lobar ICH group (35 cases). The characteristics between two groups were analyzed using t-test or χ² test.

The data of sex, age, nationality, time from onset, SBP, DBP, Hb, TG, and cholesterol of 68 cases on admission did not show any definitive correlation with the hematoma volumes (P＞0.05). The SBP and DBP of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group were significantly higher than that in the lobar ICH group, respectively [(184.9±28.5) mmHg vs (164.6±24.4) mmHg; (113.0±18.1) mmHg vs (103.0±18.4) mmHg] (t=0.499, 0.486; P=0.002, 0.033).

The relevant factors of hematoma volumes in patients with ICH in plateau area were not yet clear. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group was higher than that in those in lobar ICH group.

To compare the efficacy evaluation of electrospun composite biomaterials and a porcine small intestine submucosa mesh for hernia repair.

A randomized, single-blind, controlled multicenter trial was performed in 3 hospitals in Shanghai. Eligible adult patients with primary unilateral reducible groin hernias were randomly assigned (1∶1) to electrospun composite biomaterials (experimental group) or porcine small intestine submucosa (control group) mesh groups. Patients were treated with the tARB technique and assessed at 1,3 and 6 months after the surgery. The primary endpoint was hernia recurrence. The secondary endpoints were postoperative complications including groin pain and operative site infections.

172 patients were assigned to experimental (n=86) and control (n=86) groups. At 6 months follow-up, postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (5/86, 5.95%) and 2 (2/86, 2.35%) patients in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS or SVS score between the two groups.

We demonstrate that electrospun composite biomaterial mesh can be used as a ideal choice for inguinal hernia repair. Electrospun composite biomaterial has the characteristics of low recurrence rate, absorbability and long-term comfort.It can be further applied in clinical practice in the future.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)remains one of the most complicated hepatobiliary operations. The development of minimally invasive surgery for PD has always been an hot spot. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) has not been widespread carried out due to its difficulty and long learning curve. LPD accounts for 9% of all PD, according to the National Cancer Data base. Compared with laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery system has significant advantages in the field of minimally invasive PD, including stereotactic amplified vision, filtering hand tremor and simulating the wrist. The article would review the surgical techniques and notes, which could provide clinical reference for other surgeons.

To investigate the spatiotemporal variation of pressure on the corneal surface under an air puff load among normal, keratoconic, and highly myopic corneas.

From January 2022 to December 2022, two healthy subjects (two eyes), two patients with keratoconus (two eyes), and two patients with high myopia (two eyes) were selected for the study at the Beijing Tongren Ophthalmic Center affiliated to Capital Medical University. Among them, the healthy subjects comprised one male (one eye) and one female (one eye) with an average age of 31 (ranging from 30 to 32 years). The keratoconus patients comprised one male (one eye) and one female (one eye) with an average age of 26 (ranging from 22 to 30 years). The high myopia patients comprised one male (one eye) and one female (one eye) with an average age of 25 years (ranging from 24 to 26 years). The geometric parameters of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea from three groups of subjects: normal cornea, keratoconus, and high myopi using computational fluid dynamics coupled with three dimensional Scheimpflug imaging were performed. A personalized three-dimensional corneal model was constructed. After setting up the computational domain and boundary conditions, simulate and visualize the effects of the air puff from the ocular response analyzer on the cornea, recording the flow field structure and surface pressure distribution.

When the flow field was 5 ms, a relatively stable shear layer was not formed, and the airflow near the axis was obstructed, decelerated, and pressurized, forming an axial reverse pressure gradient. The airflow away from the axis rolled up and reached the wall at about 7 ms. When the flow field was 10 ms, the shear layer was still unstable, and the pressure waveform was formed and only existed for 7 ms~13 ms during the jet acceleration process. At a flow field of 15 ms, a relatively stable mixing layer was formed after 13 ms, and the pressure fluctuations within the mixing layer weaken and disappear. The jet′s injection effect on the surrounding flow was enhanced, and the pressure decreases. At a flow field of 20 ms, the jet dynamic pressure decreased, the stagnation pressure decreased, the absolute negative pressure outside the shear layer decreases, and the pressure gradient tended to flatten. Unstable shear layer pressure waves appeared in the 25 ms flow field, with pressure hysteresis near the corneal stagnation point. When the velocity of the healthy corneal jet reaches its peak, the radial flow of surface pressure exhibited typical subsonic shock jet flow characteristics. With the corneal center as the stationary point, all dynamic pressure was converted into static pressure, and the velocity stagnates to 0. When the pressure reacheed its peak, the fluid outside the stationary point then turned and flowed downstream along the surface of the detection piece. The maximum stationary pressure on the corneal surface occured between 15 ms and 16 ms. This characteristic was described by Navier-Stokes system of equations. The radial distribution curve of pressure on the surface of keratoconus was lower than that of healthy cornea near the stagnation point, and the pressure distribution curve decreased more slowly than that of healthy cornea. The absolute value of the slope was smaller. When more significant with the degree of disease, and the radial position where the surface pressure exceeded that of healthy cornea was further away. The radial distribution curve of corneal surface pressure in myopic eyes was higher than that of healthy cornea in a considerable ranged except for the corneal edge, and the decrease was slower before the radial dimensionless distance of 0.4.

The air puff reaches the apex of the cornea in approximately 7 ms. The changes in pressure over time and space for normal corneas, keratoconus corneas, and corneas with high myopia exhibit consistent patterns, differing only in numerical distribution. The pressure changes symmetrically around the apex, with a decrease in flow velocity and an increase in pressure near the stagnation point. There was a hysteresis phenomenon during the acceleration and deceleration processes of the jet, and the maximum pressure at the stagnation point closely coincides with the maximum jet velocity, with both time curves exhibiting similar shapes.

To explore the morphological characteristics of cup and plate structures in glaucoma patients and their differences from those in non glaucoma patients.

The 288 patients (288 eyes) who underwent fundus photography examination at the outpatient department of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from November 2024 to September 2025 were collected and completed the nipple analysis system detection. Among them, there were 146 males (146 eyes) and 142 females (142 eyes) with an average age of (39.1±15.2) years (ranging from 10 to 71 years old). All patients underwent intraocular pressure, ocular biological measurements, fundus imaging examination, and analysis of the optic disc analysis system. Patients were divided into glaucoma group and non glaucoma group based on their history of glaucoma and clinical manifestations such as enlargement of the optic cup, loss of disc edge, typical atrophic changes in the optic nerve fiber layer, and visual field defects in fundus images. Age, axial length, disc edge area, and vertical width of the optic disc were tested to follow a normal distribution, represented by ±s. Independent sample t-test was used for inter group comparison. The intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, anterior depth, lens thickness, average corneal curvature radius, pupil diameter, disc edge width in each region, disc edge to disc area ratio, disc edge volume, vertical cup to disc ratio, cup area, cup to disc area ratio, cup volume, average cup depth, maximum cup depth, disc area, disc volume, and likelihood of disc damage scores do not followed a normal distribution and were represented by M (Q1, Q3). Mann Whitney U test was used for inter group comparison.

Among the total 288 patients (288 eyes), there were 241 patients (241 eyes) in the non glaucoma group and 47 patients (47 eyes) in the glaucoma group, accounting for 83.7% and 16.3%, respectively. The intraocular pressure of patients in the non glaucoma group and glaucoma group was 16.7 (14.0, 19.0)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and 21.9 (17.2, 25.3)mmHg, respectively. The non glaucoma group was lower than the glaucoma group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-5.49, P<0.05). The width, area, and ratio of optic disc area from point A to point F in the non glaucoma group were 0.18 (0.14, 0.21)mm, 0.20 (0.15, 0.25)mm, 0.22 (0.16, 0.29)mm, 0.24 (0.17, 0.33)mm, 0.25 (0.18, 0.33)mm, 0.22 (0.16, 0.27)mm, 0.15 (0.11, 0.18)mm, (1.23±0.36)mm^2, and 0.68 (0.54, 0.81)mm, respectively. The glaucoma group had 0.12 (0.09, 0.16)mm, 0.16 (0.09, 0.20)mm, and 0.16 (0.11, 0.24)mm, 0.19 (0.12, 0.24)mm, 0.16 (0.11, 0.24)mm, 0.13 (0.08, 0.20)mm, 0.10 (0.05, 0.14)mm, (0.94±0.34)mm^2, and 0.52 (0.38, 0.67)mm, respectively. Those were all larger in the non glaucoma group than in the glaucoma group, and the differences were statistically significant (Z/t=-4.70, -4.05, -3.33, -3.59, -4.37, -4.55, -4.18, 5.35, -4.32; P<0.05). The vertical cup to disc ratio, cup area, cup to disc area ratio, cup volume, average cup depth, and maximum cup depth in non glaucoma patients were 0.55 (0.44, 0.65), 0.58 (0.30, 1.11)mm^2, 0.32 (0.19, 0.46), 0.08 (0.02, 0.22)mm^3, 0.14 (0.08, 0.22)mm, 0.36 (0.23, 0.52)mm, 2.00 (2.00, 3.00), while the glaucoma patients were 0.69 (0.58, 0.81), 1.05 (0.52, 1.35)mm^2, 0.48 (0.33, 0.62), 0.16 (0.07, 0.33)mm^3, 0.18 (0.11, 0.26)mm, 0.43 (0.33, 0.60)mm, and 3.00 (3.00, 3.00)mm were all lower in the non glaucoma group than those in the glaucoma group, and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-4.47, -2.91, -4.32, -2.88, -2.17, -2.41, -6.36; P<0.05). 159 cases (159 eyes) of non glaucoma patients were distributed near temporal 0° or 360°, accounting for 65.98%; there were 53 cases (53 eyes) distributed near 300° below the temporal lobe and 60° above the temporal lobe, accounting for 21.99%; 29 cases (29 eyes) were distributed in other parts, accounting for 12.03%. 22 cases (22 eyes) of glaucoma patients were distributed near 300° below the temporal lobe and 40° above the temporal lobe, accounting for 46.81%; 25 cases (25 eyes) were distributed in other parts, accounting for 53.19%.

The narrowest part of the optic disc in patients with physiological large optic cups is mainly distributed near the temporal side at 0° or 360°, while in the glaucoma group, nearly half of the affected eyes are concentrated near 300° below and 40° above the temporal side, with scattered distribution in other areas. The rim of glaucoma affected eyes is narrower, with a smaller ratio of rim area to optic disc area. The vertical cup to disc ratio, cup to disc area ratio, cup to disc volume, and cup depth are larger.

The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing the short-term prognosis of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) using Lasso-Logistic regression analysis and construct a predictive model.

A total of 179 PDR patients (179 eyes) who underwent PPV in the Ophthalmology Department of Linfen People′s Hospital from January 2021 to February 2024 were selected as the study subjects. There were 83 female (83 eyes) and 96 male (96 eyes) with a mean age of (64.3±8.3) years (ranging from 29 to 81 years). Based on the degree of visual acuity after surgery 6 months decline compared to preoperative levels, patients were divided into the poor prognosis group with 33 cases (33 eyes) and the favorable prognosis group with 146 cases (146 eyes). Data collected included gender, age, eye involved, diabetes duration, medical history, PDR stage, diabetes treatment type, preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), disease severity, treatment modality, intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, blood cells, liver and kidney biochemistry, and postoperative complications. The age, diabetes duration, preoperative BCVA, number of retinal laser photocoagulations, preoperative IOP, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), four lipid items, complete blood count, liver and kidney function indices. Data conforming to a normal distribution were expressed as ±s and compared between groups using independent samples t-test. Skewed measurement data including the diabetes duration and urinary albumin were expressed as M(P₂₅, P₇₅) and compared between groups using the rank-sum test. The gender, eye involved, medical history, PDR stage, diabetes treatment type, macular detachment, iris neovascularization/rubeosis, vitreous hemorrhage, preretinal hemorrhage, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment, combined cataract surgery, vitreous cavity tamponade, postoperative complications were expressed as number and percentage, and compared between groups using Pearson′s or continuity-adjusted chi-square test. Univariate analysis and Lasso regression were used to screen factors affecting short-term poor prognosis after PPV in PDR patients. Independent influencing factors were identified using multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed based on these factors. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used for goodness-of-fit; the C-index was used to analyze discriminative ability; the accuracy was analyzed using calibration curves; the clinical utility was analyzed using decision curve analysis, and predictive efficacy was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

In the poor prognosis group with 33 cases (33 eyes), the diabetes duration median and urinary albumin were 11.00 (9.00, 13.50) years and 42.37 (36.41, 48.46) mg/L, respectively; there were 13 with hyperlipidemia, 14 with coronary heart disease, 6 with hypertension, accounting for 39.39%, 42.42% and 18.18%, respectively; 6 cases (6 eyes) with PDR stage Ⅳ, 15 cases (15 eyes) with stage Ⅴ, 12 cases (12 eyes) with stage Ⅵ, accounting for 18.18%, 45.45% and 36.36%, respectively; 6 with oral medications of diabetes treatment type, 17 with insulin injections, 10 with insulin combined with oral medications, accounting for 18.18%, 51.52% and 30.30%, respectively; 14 with macular detachment, 4 with iris rubeosis, 31 with vitreous hemorrhage, 13 with preretinal hemorrhage, accounting for 42.42%, 12.12%, 93.94% and 39.39% respectively; 11 not used anti-VEGF treatment, 18 used preoperativly, 4 used intraoperativly, accounting for 33.33%, 54.55% and 12.12% respectively; 17 combined with cataract surgery, accounting for 51.52%; 2 with C3F8 for vitreous cavity tamponade, 27 with silicone oil, 4 with balanced saline solution, accounting for 6.06%, 81.82% and 12.12% respectively; 18 with postoperative complications accounting for 54.55%. In the good prognosis groups with 146 cases (146 eyes), the diabetes duration median were 9.00 (7.00, 11.00) years; urinary albumin 41.76 (37.10, 46.09) mg/L; 37 with hyperlipidemia, 42 with coronary heart disease, 27 with hypertension, accounting for 25.34%, 28.77% and 18.49% respectively; PDR stage: 44 cases (44 eyes) with Ⅳ stage, 85 cases (85 eyes) with Ⅴ stage, 17 cases (17 eyes) with Ⅵ stage, accounting for 30.14%, 58.22% and 11.64% respectively; diabetes treatment type: 37 used by oral medications, 70 used by insulin injections, 39 used by insulin combined with oral medications, accounting for 25.34%, 47.95% and 26.71% respectively; 16 with macular detachment, 3 with iris rubeosis, 127 with vitreous hemorrhage, 52 with preretinal hemorrhage, accounting for 10.96%, 2.05%, 86.99% and 35.62% respectively; 35 not used anti-VEGF treatment, 94 preoperative, 17 intraoperative, accounting for 23.97%, 64.38% and 11.65% respectively; 58 with combined cataract surgery, accounting for 39.73%; 38 with C3F8 after vitreous cavity tamponade, 90 with silicone oil, 18 with balanced saline solution, accounting for 90.41%, 61.64% and 12.33% respectively; 32 with postoperative complications, accounting for 21.92%. The mean preoperative BCVA, number of retinal laser spots, preoperative IOP, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, white blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, glutamyl transpeptidase, serum creatinine were (1.97±0.60) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), (652.06±381.20)spots, (19.12±4.30)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (153.97±20.86)mmHg, (93.85±10.03)mmHg, (10.22±1.41)mmol/L, (7.71±1.72)%, (5.33±0.33)mmol/L, (1.84±0.39)mmol/L, (1.05±0.07)mmol/L, (3.20±0.54)mmol/L, (3.90±1.14) ×10⁹/L, (1.60±0.45) ×10⁹/L, (254.93±54.14) ×10⁹/L, (8.47±2.62) ×10⁹/L, (26.92±8.18)U/L, (24.34±8.70)U/L, (36.60±11.12)U/L, (123.39±16.96)μmol/L, respectively; while those of good prognosis group were (1.62±0.47) logMAR, (1055.26±433.68) spots, (17.40±5.08) mmHg, (149.12±20.14) mmHg, (89.84±11.11) mmHg, (9.71±1.35) mmol/L, (6.99±1.40)%, (5.20±0.51) mmol/L, (1.78±0.34) mmol/L, (1.06±0.13) mmol/L, (3.00±0.55) mmol/L, (3.72±1.26) ×10⁹/L, (1.76±0.59) ×10⁹/L, (254.40±69.00) ×10⁹/L, (8.33±2.49) ×10⁹/L, (24.80±8.82) U/L, (22.52±7.54) U/L, (33.36±10.23) U/L, (119.65±18.23) μmol/L, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in diabetes duration(Z=-3.316, P<0.05); macular detachment, iris rubeosis, vitreous cavity tamponade, and postoperative complications (χ²=19.102, 4.827, 6.479, 14.234; P<0.05); preoperative BCVA, number of retinal laser spots, and HbA1c (t=3.667, 4.926, 2.573; P<0.05). Lasso regression identified five variables with non-zero features: PDR stage, preoperative BCVA, macular detachment, number of retinal lasers, and postoperative complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PDR Ⅴ, Ⅵ stages, preoperative BCVA, macular detachment, and postoperative complications were independent risk factors for short-term poor prognosis in PDR patients after PPV (OR=3.630, 10.296, 3.082, 3.806, 2.920; 95%CI: 1.088 to 12.110, 2.630 to 40.303, 1.074 to 8.845, 1.260 to 11.499, 1.075 to 7.930; P<0.05), while the number of retinal lasers was an independent protective factor (OR=0.784, 95%CI: 0.685~0.897; P<0.05). A column chart prediction model was constructed based on independent influencing factors of short-term poor prognosis in PDR patients undergoing PPV Logit (P)=-3.233+ 1.289×PDR stage Ⅴ+ 2.332×PDR stage Ⅵ+ 1.125×preoperative BCVA+ 1.337×macular detachment -0.002×number of retinal lasers+ 1.071×postoperative complications. The prediction model was well, and C index of 0.885 (95%CI: 0.876 to 0.895, P>0.05). The predicted probability of the column chart prediction model after the calibration curve and decision curve was close to the ideal curve, and the net profit range was relatively large. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the line chart prediction model for predicting short-term poor prognosis in PDR patients after PPV was 0.885 (95%CI: 0.828 to 0.927), with a sensitivity of 84.85%, specificity of 78.77%, and a Youden index of 0.6362.

PDR staging, preoperative BCVA, macular detachment, number of retinal lasers, and postoperative complications are independent factors affecting the short-term poor prognosis of PDR patients after PPV. The column chart prediction model constructed based on these factors has high predictive efficiency for the short-term poor prognosis of PDR patients after PPV.

The aim of this study is to investigate the influencing factors in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) complicated with macular edema.

A total of 30 patients (32 eyes) diagnosed with RVO complicated with macular edema in the Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from October 2023 to March 2025 received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment for 3 months, were selected as the research subjects. There were 20 males (21 eyes) and 10 females (11 eyes) with an average age of (58.2±11.4) years (ranging from 35 to 85 years) of the 30 patients (32 eyes). Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) was used to measure choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal vascular index (CVI), and choroidal capillary layer vessel density (CCVD) before and after treatment. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central macular thickness (CMT), CT, CVI, and CCVD before treatment, after treatment for 1 month and 3 months conformed to a normal distribution and were expressed as ±s. Comparisons among different time points were performed using ANOVA, and pairwise comparisons were conducted using LSD method. Univariate linear regression analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed with changes in BCVA and CMT as dependent variables and basic data as independent variables.

There were 18 patients (20 eyes) with hypertension, and 12 patients (12 eyes) with no hypertension, accouting for 62.50% and 37.50%, respectively. The BCVA of patients before treatment, after treatment for 1 month and 3 months after treatment was (0.813±0.456) logarithmus of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR), (0.666±0.386) logMAR, and (0.484±0.401) logMAR, respectively; the IOP was (16.219±2.366)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (15.969±1.732)mmHg, and (16.500±2.514)mmHg, respectively; the CMT was (474.625±191.370)μm, (397.094±155.446)μm, and (360.219±173.240)μm, respectively; the CT was (244.813±86.086)μm, (234.563±86.853)μm, and (229.063±88.710)μm, respectively; the CVI was (39.938±4.683)%, (39.375±5.552)%, and (39.625±5.950)%, respectively; the CCVD was (46.188±3.788)%, (46.813±2.361)%, and (47.125±1.755)%, respectively. Comparisons of BCVA, CMT, and CT among different time points showed statistically significant differences (F=34.556, 14.373, 11.955; P<0.05), while no statistically significant differences were observed in IOP, CVI, and CCVD (F=0.959, 0.979, 1.610; P> 0.05). Further pairwise comparisons revealed that after treatment for 1 month, BCVA, CMT, and CT of patients showed statistically significant differences compared with those before treatment (t= 4.027, 3.645, 3.452; P<0.05), whereas IOP, CVI, and CCVD exhibited no statistically significant differences (t=0.701, 1.605, -1.177; P> 0.05). After treatment for 3 months, BCVA, CMT, and CT were significantly different from those before treatment (t= 6.837, 3.990, 3.549; P<0.05), while no significant differences were found in IOP, CVI, and CCVD (t= -0.722, 0.583, -1.368; P> 0.05). After treatment for 3 months, the BCVA of all patients increased by 0.329 logMAR compared with that before treatment, and the CMT decreased by 24.1% relative to the pre-treatment level. Univariate linear regression analysis indicated that hypertension, pre-treatment CMT, and pre-treatment CCVD were influencing factors for the change in BCVA after anti-VEGF treatment for 3 months (β= 0.328, -0.001, 0.027; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.173 to 0.484, -0.001 to 0.000, 0.003 to 0.050; P<0.05); hypertension, pre-treatment BCVA, and pre-treatment CCVD were influencing factors for the change in CMT after treatment for 3 months (β= -0.226, 0.235, -0.036; 95%CI: -0.359 to -0.092, 0.095 to 0.376, -0.053 to -0.019; P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that hypertension was an independent risk factor for the change in BCVA after anti-VEGF treatment in RVO patients (β= 0.269, 95%CI: 0.102 to 0.436; P<0.05); pre-treatment BCVA and pre-treatment CCVD were influencing factors for the change in CMT after treatment (β=0.155, -0.024; 95%CI: 0.029 to 0.280, -0.043 to -0.006; P<0.05).

Hypertension is an independent risk factor for the change in BCVA after anti-VEGF treatment in RVO patients. Pre-treatment BCVA is an independent protective factor for the change in CMT, and pre-treatment CCVD is an independent risk factor for the change in CMT.

Early screening for Marfan syndrome (MFS) is crucial in reducing related mortality rates. The current clinical diagnosis of MFS is mainly based on the Ghent criteria revised in 2010, with core features of lens ectopia (EL) and aortic root dilation. Modern ophthalmic imaging technology can help discover deep biomarker spectra beyond EL in MFS, such as axial elongation and reduced total corneal refractive power; the corneal curvature value decreases, the central corneal thickness becomes thinner, and the corneal hardness increases; thinning of the ciliary body, decreased thickness of the sclera, and increased asymmetry; decreased retinal microvascular density, thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer, and increased risk of retinal detachment; changes in choroidal structure and function abnormalities, as well as facial features. The ophthalmic imaging omics model based on artificial intelligence integrates multimodal imaging data such as eye images and biometric measurements to construct high-precision prediction tools, could significantly improve sensitivity and accuracy in MFS screening. This strategy not only facilitates early screening of MFS, but also enables dynamic monitoring of disease progression, assists in guiding personalized interventions for cardiovascular disease, and ultimately optimizes patient lifecycle management.

Strabismus is a prevalent ocular disorder characterized by misalignment of the eyes and deviation of the visual axis. It not only impacts facial aesthetics but also hinders the development of binocular vision, including simultaneous perception, fusion, and stereopsis. The primary objective of contemporary strabismus management has evolved from merely realigning the eyes to maximizing the restoration of binocular visual function. An overview of recent domestic and international treatment strategies for strabismus, covering both non-surgical approaches, such as refractive error correction, prismatic therapy, bupivacaine injections, and botulinum toxin type A injections, visual function training and occlusion therapy-and surgical interventions like minimally invasive small-incision extraocular muscle surgery and adjustable suture techniques were reviewed.

Pathological ocular angiogenesis is a key pathological process occurring in multiple sites including the retina, choroid and cornea, which leading to vitreous hemorrhage, choroidal neovascularization, or corneal opacity, and has become one of the primary causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Angiogenesis originates from the formation of new branches within existing vascular networks, relying on a series of steps including endothelial cell activation, migration, and lumen formation. Metal ions are essential elements for living organisms, and plays critical roles in almost all fundamental biological processes. Within metalloproteins, metal ions primarily perform three functions: providing structural stability, acting as cofactors for enzymatic reactions, and mediating electron transfer. Among these, five metal ions——iron, copper, zinc, calcium and manganese are particularly crucial for metabolic regulation. Recent years, the significant advances has been witnessed in understanding how these metal ions drive pathological ocular angiogenesis through multi-level mechanisms. Core regulatory pathways involve ferroptosis, cupric death, zinc finger transcription regulation, calcium signaling cascades, and manganese enzyme-mediated control. The aforementioned pathways and their latest discoveries were systematicly reviewed, aiming to provide new theoretical perspectives and strategic insights for targeting metal ion homeostasis pathways in the treatment of neovascular eye diseases.

In recent years, the synergistic application of multi-modal imaging technologies has significantly improved the early diagnostic efficacy of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In terms of research progress, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has quantified microvascular density, the morphology of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and fractal dimension (FD), which revealing changes in the complexity of the microvascular network in the early stages of DR; the widespread adoption of ultra-wide-field imaging technology has increased the detection rate of peripheral retinal ischemia to 82%; and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven novel algorithms have achieved expert-level accuracy in image segmentation and grading, and have enabled cross-modal generation from color fundus photography (CFP)to fluorescein angiography (FFA) images. FD, as a quantitative indicator of vascular network complexity, has been shown in recent years to be significantly associated with DR progression and visual prognosis, and its clinical application potential warrants further exploration. The latest research advances in multi-modal imaging technologies in the early DR diagnostic strategies was systematically reviewed.

Spherical aberration (SA) is a core factor affecting postoperative visual quality in refractive surgery. With the continuous development of refractive surgery techniques, individualized surgical protocol selection based on SA characteristics has become a key strategy for optimizing postoperative visual quality. It has been demonstrated that the increase in SA following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is generally lower than that after femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). The matching relationship between optical zone size and pupil diameter, preoperative refractive status, and corneal biomechanical properties collectively determine postoperative SA levels. Individualized surgical protocol selection based on SA characteristics is crucial for optimizing postoperative visual quality. Future research should establish predictive models integrating multi-dimensional parameters to advance refractive surgery toward precision medicine.

Against the backdrop of China's escalating population aging, the incidence of prostate cancer is rising significantly, leading to an increasing disease burden. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is currently an effective method for improving early diagnosis rates and patient prognosis. However, there is a lack of large-scale, prospective studies in China to guide the development of screening strategies. This article analyzes the impact of population aging on healthcare economics, describes the current status and trends of the prostate cancer disease burden, and combines the latest evidence on PSA screening from both domestic and international sources to conduct an in-depth discussion on the necessity, and existing models of PSA screening in China. It also emphasizes that when developing screening strategies, the disease burden brought about by aging and health economic benefits must be fully considered. This article aims to provide a reference for the development of an individualized prostate cancer screening program that aligns with China's national conditions and considers cost-effectiveness, thereby helping to improve the overall diagnosis and treatment level of prostate cancer in China and improve patient survival and quality of life.

Calyceal diverticulum is a relatively rare congenital renal malformation with an incidence of 0.21%-0.45%, frequently accompanied by stone formation, which may cause pain, hematuria, or recurrent urinary tract infections. Treatment options include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURL), laparoscopic surgery, and traditional open surgery. With advances in minimally invasive techniques, PCNL and FURL have become the primary treatment modalities, though optimal surgical selection remains controversial. The advantages of PCNL including high stone clearance rates (87.5%-100%) and diverticular closure rates (76%-100%) through diverticular wall fulguration or neck incision, but carries risks of bleeding, renal parenchymal injury, and prolonged recovery. FURL demonstrates minimal trauma, rapid recovery, and reduced postoperative inflammatory response with high stone clearance rates, particularly suitable for stones <2 cm in the upper-middle calyces, though challenging for lower calyceal or narrow-necked diverticula. This article aims to review the progress in minimally invasive treatment of calyceal diverticulum stones.

To observe the clinical effect of medical tissue adhesive in fixing large sheet autologous split-thickness skin grafts.

A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 196 patients who underwent large sheet autologous split-thickness skin grafting，including acellular allodermal matrix composite split-thickness skin grafting for wound repair，and were hospitalized in the Department of Burns and Dermatologic Surgery， Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University， from February 2021 to June 2024. According to the different skin graft fixation methods， patients were divided into the observation group （n=104） and the control group （n=92）. In the observation group， skin grafts were fixed with medical tissue adhesive， the first dressing change was performed at 4-5 days postoperatively for simple split-thickness skin grafting， and 8-10 days postoperatively for acellular allodermal matrix composite split-thickness skin grafting. In the control group，skin grafts were fixed with skin suture needles for patients undergoing simple split-thickness skin grafting，and the skin grafts were fixed with interrupted silk sutures for patients undergoing acellular allodermal matrix composite split-thickness skin grafts， the first dressing change time after surgery was the same as that in the observation group. The occurrence of skin graft displacement， hematoma formation， infection， and the survival of skin graft were observed during the first dressing change.

The incidence of skin graft displacement in the observation group （4.8%） was lower than that in the control group （13.0%）， and the proportion of displaced skin graft area （3.63%±1.38%） was also lower than that in the control group （6.60%±2.08%）, the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in skin graft survival rate between the observation group （99.24%±3.55%） and the control group （97.77%±6.08%） （t=2.046， P=0.151）. In the observation group， 5 cases of hematoma and 2 cases of skin graft infection with necrosis occurred， while in the control group， 4 cases of hematoma and 3 cases of skin graft infection with necrosis occurred. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups （P>0.05）. Among the patients who developed complications，4 in the observation group and 5 in the control group healed after undergoing additional skin grafting； the remainder healed with dressing changes.

Compared with traditional fixation methods， medical tissue adhesive for securing large sheet autologous split-thickness skin grafts demonstrates more stable and effective fixation， reduces skin graft displacement， and avoids operational injuries and pain caused by removing fixatives. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.