To evaluate the features of carotid web (CW) by ultrasonography.

A total of 66 patients with CW were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to June 2019 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. All patients were examined by both ultrasonography and CTA, and were divided into either a<50% stenosis group (54 cases) or a ≥50% stenosis group (12 cases). The ultrasonographic characteristics of CW, including the length, thickness, direction (forward or backward to the flow), acute angle between the web and carotid wall, and thrombus between the web and carotid wall were compared between the two groups. The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were compared between patients with and without ischemic stroke.

Forty-two (42/66, 63.6%) patients were diagnosed with CW by initial CDFI examination, of whom 21 (21/66, 31.8%) were diagnosed with ulcerative plaque and 3 (3/66, 4.5%) were diagnosed with carotid dissection at first but confirmed by second examination. There were no differences in the web length, thickness, direction, or thrombus detected between the two groups (P>0.05). The angle between the web and carotid wall in the<50% stenosis group was significantly smaller than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (median angel 39o vs 73o, P=0.002), and the percentage of patients with an angle≤ 60o in the<50% stenosis group was significantly higher than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (74.1% vs 41.7%, P=0.042). The diameter of the residual carotid artery at CW location in the<50% stenosis group was significantly larger and peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the<50% stenosis group than in the≥50% stenosis group (P<0.001). The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were not statistically different between patients with and without ischemic stroke (P=0.321).

Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the characteristics of carotid web in 2D and color mode. When the angle between the CW and carotid wall is large, the carotid artery stenosis ≥ 50% is more likely to happen, but carotid artery stenosis is not the main cause of ischemic stroke.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sling exercise, therapeuticultrasound, therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise in patients to alleviate pain and improve lumbar function with lumbar disc herniation.

Individuals were selected from a list of patients being followed at the department of Rehabilitation in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University. 30 patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were collected, the diagnoses were established upon medical history, physical examination, and results of imaging studies. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: therapeuticultrasound group received 14 sessions of ultrasonic therapy to the lumbar region, Sling exercise group received 14 sessions of sling exercise, and therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise group received therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise therapy 14 sessions of therapeuticultrasound to the lumbar region,7 sessions per week, 2 weeks. The VAS and ODI were compared with the assessment of the patients before and at the end of the therapy.

At the end of treatment, three groups VAS scores (F=3.069, P=0.043) and ODI scores (t=12.676, P<0.001) was lower than that at the beginning of treatment (P<0.05), at the end of treatment the VAS scores (F=59.400, P<0.001) and of the ODI scores (t=12.737, P<0.001) of ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy group was lower than the other group, the difference is significantly.

All three groups could reduce pain and improve lumbar function, and the ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy was most effective for lumbar disc herniation treatment in the three groups.

To analyze the treatment of different types of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, and explore its pathogenesis in combination with literature so as to improve the cure rate and reduce disability rate.

The clinical data of 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children were retrospectively analyzed in The Hospital of 81^st Group Army PLA from January 2015 to December 2019. The diagnosis of traumatic cerebral infarction in children was made by CT scan and MRI scan. According to different conditions, children with traumatic cerebral infarction were classified, and different treatment strategies were selected. Children with lacunar infarction were treated with calcium antagonists and neurotrophic drugs, supplemented by hyperbaric oxygen and exercise rehabilitation. The children of focal cerebral infarction and complex cerebral infarction treated by junior dehydrant and hormone also included the calcium antagonist and nutritional nerve drugs. The therapeutic regimen perhaps adjusted by the evolution of the disease. The children of extensive cerebral infarction underwent emergency cranial decompression, and was treated by reducing intracranial pressure and preventing complications after operation. The treatment results and recovery were observed.

In 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, 35 cases (83.3%) were good recovery, 4 cases (9.5%) were moderate disability, 2 cases (4.8%) were severe disability, 1 case (2.4%) died, and no vegetative state. The good recovery rate of lacunar infarction was 100%, that of focal cerebral infarction was 62.5%, that of mixed cerebral infarction was 60%, and that of extensive cerebral infarction was 50%.

It is of great significance to improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis of children with traumatic cerebral infarction to adopt different treatment schemes for different types of cerebral infarction.

To characterize the patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Tibetan Plateau over an altitude of 4000 meters.

A total of 68 cases with supratentorial hypertensive ICH were retrospectively included in Ali Regional People’s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2018. The clinical and laboratory data were collected. A simple linear correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between the amount of bleeding and sex, age, nationality, time from onset , systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol. According to computed tomography (CT) findings, 68 cases were divided into the basal ganglia ICH group (33 cases) and the lobar ICH group (35 cases). The characteristics between two groups were analyzed using t-test or χ² test.

The data of sex, age, nationality, time from onset, SBP, DBP, Hb, TG, and cholesterol of 68 cases on admission did not show any definitive correlation with the hematoma volumes (P＞0.05). The SBP and DBP of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group were significantly higher than that in the lobar ICH group, respectively [(184.9±28.5) mmHg vs (164.6±24.4) mmHg; (113.0±18.1) mmHg vs (103.0±18.4) mmHg] (t=0.499, 0.486; P=0.002, 0.033).

The relevant factors of hematoma volumes in patients with ICH in plateau area were not yet clear. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group was higher than that in those in lobar ICH group.

To compare the efficacy evaluation of electrospun composite biomaterials and a porcine small intestine submucosa mesh for hernia repair.

A randomized, single-blind, controlled multicenter trial was performed in 3 hospitals in Shanghai. Eligible adult patients with primary unilateral reducible groin hernias were randomly assigned (1∶1) to electrospun composite biomaterials (experimental group) or porcine small intestine submucosa (control group) mesh groups. Patients were treated with the tARB technique and assessed at 1,3 and 6 months after the surgery. The primary endpoint was hernia recurrence. The secondary endpoints were postoperative complications including groin pain and operative site infections.

172 patients were assigned to experimental (n=86) and control (n=86) groups. At 6 months follow-up, postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (5/86, 5.95%) and 2 (2/86, 2.35%) patients in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS or SVS score between the two groups.

We demonstrate that electrospun composite biomaterial mesh can be used as a ideal choice for inguinal hernia repair. Electrospun composite biomaterial has the characteristics of low recurrence rate, absorbability and long-term comfort.It can be further applied in clinical practice in the future.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)remains one of the most complicated hepatobiliary operations. The development of minimally invasive surgery for PD has always been an hot spot. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) has not been widespread carried out due to its difficulty and long learning curve. LPD accounts for 9% of all PD, according to the National Cancer Data base. Compared with laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery system has significant advantages in the field of minimally invasive PD, including stereotactic amplified vision, filtering hand tremor and simulating the wrist. The article would review the surgical techniques and notes, which could provide clinical reference for other surgeons.

To screen for differentially expressed RNA-binding protein genes (RBPs), construct a prognostic prediction model combined with risk score and clinicopathological characteristics of patients, validate it, and analyze the immunophenoscore (IPS) and drug sensitivity in different risk groups.

Transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer cohort (1 106 breast cancer tumor samples and 137 adjacent normal samples) were collected as the training set, and the GSE86166 dataset (containing 330 breast cancer samples) was used as the validation set. Differentially expressed RBPs between tumor samples and adjacent normal samples were screened in the training set. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were performed to select core RBPs and construct a prognostic risk score model. Breast cancer patients were divided into high-risk group (649 cases) and low-risk group (457 cases) based on the risk score cut-off value. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate model performance. External validation was conducted in the validation set samples (high-risk group 161 cases and low-risk group 169 cases) using the same risk score formula and cut-off value. In the TCGA training set, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses combined with patients clinicopathological characteristics were used to evaluate the independent prognostic value of the risk score. A prognostic model was constructed based on clinicopathological characteristics and the risk score, with calibration curves used to assess its accuracy and decision curve analysis (DCA) used to evaluate its clinical utility. IPS was used to assess the tumor immunophenotype characteristics of the high and low risk groups. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was used to evaluate the drug sensitivity of 296 commonly used clinical chemotherapeutic and targeted therapeutic drugs in the high and low risk groups. Using convenience sampling, 10 pairs of breast cancer tissue samples and corresponding adjacent normal tissue samples from Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital collected between January 2023 and December 2025 were used to validate the expression differences of the 5 core genes at the protein level using histochemistry score(H-score).

A total of 126 differentially expressed RBPs were identified from 1 106 breast cancer tumor samples and 137 adjacent normal samples. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis ultimately identified 5 core RBPs (NUAK2, ACSL1, MAP1LC3C, WT1, and MYOCD), based on which a prognostic risk score model was established. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the median overall survival (OS) of patients in the high-risk group and low-risk group in the training set was 97.5 months (95%CI: 90.2-104.8) and 216.6 months (95%CI: 198.3-234.9), indicating a statistically significant difference (χ²=13.20, P<0.001) ; The median OS of patients in the high-risk group and low-risk group in the validation set was 76.8 months (95%CI: 70.5-83.1) and 182.4 months (95%CI: 165.7-199.2), indicating a statistically significant difference (χ²=4.14, P=0.042). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve at 3, 5, and 7 years OS for the training and validation sets were 0.60 (95% CI: 0.54-0.66), 0.60 (95%CI: 0.53-0.67), 0.65 (95%CI: 0.59-0.71), and 0.64 (95%CI: 0.58-0.70), 0.60 (95%CI: 0.54-0.66), 0.62 (95%CI: 0.56-0.68), respectively, indicating that the model has prognostic predictive value in both the training and external validation sets. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent factor predicting overall survival (HR=6.807, 95%CI: 3.940-11.715, P<0.001). Calibration curves showed that the concordance index (c-index) of predicting prognostic model at 3, 5, and 7 years OS in breast cancer patients were 0.782, 0.765, and 0.748, respectively (χ²=8.62, 9.15, 7.89, all P>0.05), confirming the stable predictive performance of the model. DCA results showed that, within the clinical decision threshold interval of 0.153-0.604, the prognostic model provided a better net clinical benefit than both the treat-all and treat-none strategies.Tumor immunogenicity and immunotherapy response analysis showed that the IPS of the low-risk group was significantly higher than that of the high-risk group (all P<0.05). Drug sensitivity analysis showed that 146 drugs had lower IC₅₀ values in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group (all P<0.05), while 20 drugs had lower IC₅₀ values in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (all P<0.05). The IC₅₀ values of seven classical chemotherapeutic drugs (paclitaxel, doxorubicin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel and topotecan) were significantly lower in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group (all P<0.001). Protein validation results showed that the expression of NUAK2 (152.00±17.51 vs 16.00±13.08, t=16.60, P<0.001) and WT1 [35.00 (15.00, 72.50) vs 7.50 (1.75, 30.00), Z=−2.80, P=0.005] were higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, whereas the expression of MAP1LC3C (49.20±44.90 vs 128.00±37.06, t=-4.61, P=0.001), ACSL1 [145.00 (75.00, 187.50) vs 270.00 (247.50, 273.75), Z=−2.81, P=0.005], and MYOCD [100.00 (47.50, 140.00) vs 160.00 (150.00, 165.00), Z=−2.82, P=0.005] were lower in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues.

In this study, the prognostic prediction model for breast cancer constructed based on 5 core RBPs has good predictive efficacy, and accordingly different risk groups show significant difference in IPS and drug sensitivity.

To systematically identify different subtypes of tandem duplication phenotype (TDP) in breast cancer and analyze their molecular characteristics and prognostic relevance.

A total of 1 098 breast cancer samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 60 breast cancer cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) were collected. Tandem duplication events were identified based on copy number variation (CNV) data, and TDP scores were calculated. Samples were classified into the TDP group (TDP score > −0.710 and number of TD events ≥20) and the non-TDP group (TDP score < −0.835 or number of TD events < 20). TDP samples were classified into six subtypes using a Gaussian mixture model: short-segment unimodal type (group 1), intermediate-segment unimodal type (group 2), long-segment unimodal type (group 3), and three bimodal mixed types composed of unimodal patterns (group 1/2, group 1/3, and group 2/3). Group 1, group 1/2, and group 1/3 were further categorized as the short-segment tandem duplication group (SSG), whereas group 2, group 3, and group 2/3 were categorized as the large-segment tandem duplication group (LSG). The CNV complexity, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of different TDP subtypes were analyzed, along with GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses and drug sensitivity analysis. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences between groups were compared using the Log-rank test.

A total of 147 TDP patients were identified in the TCGA database, including 25 cases in the SSG group (2, 1 and 22 cases in groups 1, 1/2, and 1/3, respectively) and 122 cases in the LSG group (2, 50 and 70 cases in groups 2, 3, and 2/3, respectively). The CNV complexity values in the non-TDP (409 cases), SSG, and LSG groups were 7.55 (7.20, 8.03), 8.47 (8.29, 8.78), and 8.37 (7.98, 8.65), respectively, with a statistically significant difference among the three groups (H=135.12, P<0.001). Functional enrichment analysis showed that the SSG was more likely to involve tumor suppressor genes and pathways such as DNA damage repair, whereas group 2/3 was mainly characterized by oncogene amplification and enrichment in tumor-related signaling pathways. In the CCLE cohort, 47 TDP strains were identified, including 40 strains in the SSG group (2, 37 and 1 strain in groups 1, 1/2, and 1/3, respectively) and 7 strains in the LSG group (0, 0 and 7 strains in groups 2, 3, and 2/3, respectively). The CNV complexity values in the non-TDP (12 strains), SSG, and LSG groups were 8.91 (8.76，9.07), 9.95 (9.78，10.28), and 9.82 (9.72，9.91), respectively, with a statistically significant difference among the three groups (H=28.86, P<0.001). Exploratory drug sensitivity analysis showed that the median IC₅₀ values of LSG cell lines treated with 17-AAG and paclitaxel were higher than those of SSG cell lines. Survival analysis showed that the 5-year OS was 100.0% in the SSG and 80.5% in the LSG (95%CI: 71.3%–90.9%), with a statistically significant difference between 2 groups (χ²=4.90, P=0.027).

This study identified TDP in breast cancer based on CNV data and classified it into six subtypes. Different TDP subtypes showed differences in CNV burden, driver gene amplification, functional pathways, drug sensitivity, and prognosis. LSG was characterized by oncogene amplification and poorer prognosis, suggesting that TDP classification may provide a reference for analyzing molecular heterogeneity and prognostic stratification in breast cancer.

To explore the molecular mechanism by which mitochondrial matrix import factor 23 (MIX23) affects triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

The RNA-Seq expression profile and corresponding clinical data of breast cancer patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, including 1 097 primary tumor tissue samples and 114 adjacent normal tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry staining images of MIX23 in breast cancer tissues were obtained from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database for quantitative analysis of protein expression levels. Expression profile data of the METABRIC breast cancer cohort were downloaded as an independent validation set. Based on the mean expression level of MIX23 in breast cancer patients, the TCGA and METABRIC datasets were each stratified into high- and low-expression groups (TCGA: 480 cases in high-expression group, 534 in low-expression group; METABRIC: 969 in high-expression group, 1,011 in low-expression group). Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, and log-rank test was used to evaluate the difference in survival rate between the two groups. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of MIX23 in TNBC cell line. Lentiviral vector was used to construct MDA-MB-231 cells with stable MIX23 knockdown (sh-MIX23 group), with the cells transfected with lentiviral vectors carrying non-targeted scramble shRNA as control group. Cell clone formation assay, CCK-8 assay and cell scratch assay were adopted to detect cell proliferation and migration abilities. Differential gene analysis was performed based on TCGA database to identify downstream target genes.

In the TCGA cohort, the mRNA expression level of MIX23 was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues than in adjacent normal breast tissues (7.756±0.605 vs 7.145±0.341, t=16.613, P<0.001). HPA cohort analysis also showed that MIX23 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues (43.978±4.158 vs 55.211±7.339, t=-2.980, P=0.018). The expression levels of MIX23 in TNBC, HER-2 positive, Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes were 8.154±0.743, 7.858±0.628, 7.613±0.535 and 7.744±0.477, respectively, with significant difference (F=28.260, P<0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that in the TCGA cohort, high MIX23 expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free interval (HR=1.667, 95%CI: 1.087–2.555, P=0.018). After MIX23 knockdown, compared with control group, the colony formation ability of cells in the sh-MIX23 group was significantly decreased (184.5±9.576 vs 110.2±6.976, t=12.578, P<0.001), the cell proliferation was markedly inhibited at 24, 48 and 72 h (0 h: 0.185±0.009 vs 0.182±0.007, t=0.515, P=0.626; 24 h: 0.399±0.057 vs 0.246±0.004, t=4.333, P=0.006; 48 h: 0.704±0.058 vs 0.403±0.021, t=9.642, P<0.001; 72 h: 0.999±0.0416 vs 0.452±0.031, t=21.110, P<0.0001). The relative migration area of cells in the sh-MIX23 group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at 24 h after scratching (62.861±12.252 vs 35.971±8.024, t=5.193, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, MIX23 could up-regulate the expression of osteoglycin (1.195±0.254 vs 1.958±0.223, t=-3.945, P=0.018) and inhibit the expression of Akt, mTOR and EGFR (1.000±0.023 vs 0.054±0.006, t=68.352, P<0.0001; 1.000±0.052 vs 0.058±0.007, t=31.092, P<0.0001; 1.000±0.094 vs 0.036±0.004, t=17.785, P<0.0001).

MIX23 is highly expressed in breast cancer and correlated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of MIX23 affects the growth and metastasis of breast cancer by up-regulating osteoglycin and inhibiting the downstream EGFR/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

To compare the comprehensive efficacy of vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in the diagnostic evaluation of breast cancer.

A retrospective multicenter design was adopted. Clinical data of 241 breast cancer patients admitted to the First People's Hospital of Aksu Prefecture and Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from January 2023 to August 2024 were enrolled. According to the preoperative biopsy method, patients were divided into VABB group (n=119) and CNB group (n=122). Taking the postoperative pathological examination results as the gold standard, the Kappa test was used to compare the consistency of the two methods with the pathological diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Delong test were employed to evaluate the difference in diagnostic performance between the two methods. Continuous data with normal distribution were compared by independent sample t test;unpaired categorical data were compared by χ² test or Fisher's exact test;paired categorical data were compared by McNemar test.

No significant statistical differences were found between the diagnostic outcomes of VABB/CNB and pathological results (gold standard) for triple negative subtype (VABB: P=0.754; CNB: P=0.804). The corresponding Kappa values were 0.711 and 0.674 (both P<0.001), demonstrating good consistency with pathological diagnosis. For HER-2-positive subtype , no statistically significant differences were observed as well (VABB: P=0.774; CNB: P=0.424). The Kappa values were 0.749 and 0.698 (both P<0.001), reflecting favorable consistency. Statistically significant differences existed in Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes between the diagnostic outcomes of VABB/CNB and pathological results (both P<0.05). The Kappa values of VABB were 0.232 and 0.162, while those of CNB were 0.425 and 0.374, presenting poor consistency. In the four molecular subtypes of breast cancer, there was no statistically significant difference in AUC between CNB and VABB (Delong test, all P>0.05) . The AUC values for Luminal B and triple negative subtypes were relatively high (Luminal B: CNB group AUC=0.836, VABB group AUC=0.882; triple negative: CNB group AUC=0.831, VABB group AUC=0.843), indicating good diagnostic value. The AUC values for HER-2 positive and Luminal A subtypes suggested limited diagnostic accuracy (HER-2 positive: CNB group AUC=0.684, VABB group AUC=0.604; Luminal A: CNB group AUC=0.757, VABB group AUC=0.624) . Sample integrity in the VABB group was consistently good. The sample volume in the VABB group was significantly larger than that in the CNB group [(1.04±0.30) cm³vs (0.10±0.02) cm³, t=-34.532, P<0.001]. The biopsy success rate of 100% and no repeated biopsies. The positive detection rate of tumor spatial heterogeneity in the VABB group was higher than that in the CNB group (30.3% vs 18.9%, χ²=4.234, P=0.040). Intraoperative blood loss in the VABB group was significantly higher than that in the CNB group [(2.24±0.72) ml vs (1.84±0.89) ml, t=-3.749, P<0.001] , but the incidence of postoperative hematoma was lower (0.8% vs 9.9%, χ²=9.553, P=0.002) , and the patient satisfaction score was higher (8.59±0.56 vs 6.16±0.80, t=–27.352, P<0.001) .

VABB is superior to CNB in obtaining high-quality tissue samples, improving the positive detection rate of tumor spatial heterogeneity and patient satisfaction, with good overall safety.

MRI在乳腺癌诊疗中具有重要价值。近年来，深度学习作为人工智能的核心技术，为MRI精准分析提供了新的途径。本文对深度学习在乳腺癌MRI分析中的最新研究进展进行系统梳理，重点围绕筛查、病灶检测、分子分型识别、淋巴结状态评估、新辅助化疗疗效预测以及预后判断六大临床应用场景予以概述，继而讨论上述深度学习模型在当前的临床转化过程中面临的关键挑战，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，以期为相关研究与临床实践提供参考，促进深度学习技术在乳腺癌影像分析领域的进一步应用与发展。

吲哚菁绿近红外荧光成像技术将荧光信号转化为视觉信息，为手术医师提供可视化导航，已广泛应用于外科各个领域，其安全性及有效性得到充分验证。本文阐述吲哚菁绿近红外荧光成像技术的核心原理，系统梳理其在乳腺癌外科诊疗中的应用现状，包括前哨淋巴结活检、淋巴水肿预测、保留乳房手术切缘判定、乳房重建皮瓣血运评估及光热治疗等关键领域，分析该技术在临床应用中存在的操作标准不统一、靶向特异性不足、成像深度有限等问题，展望其在靶向探针优化、多模态成像融合等方面的发展方向，为吲哚菁绿在乳腺癌外科诊疗中的规范化应用及后续研究提供参考。

系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）与乳腺癌发生风险及共病结局的关系长期存在争议。现有证据在研究设计、人群特征及效应量指标等方面存在较大异质性，导致临床上对两者关系的认识尚不一致。近年来，流行病学、遗传学及基础实验研究提示，SLE患者乳腺癌总体发病风险并未明显升高，且部分人群可观察到风险降低趋势，但该趋势在不同种族和地区中存在差异。其潜在机制可能涉及免疫监视增强、DNA损伤修复干预、激素暴露减少以及部分SLE治疗药物的抗肿瘤相关作用。与此同时，乳腺癌治疗药物也可能影响SLE的发生及预后。本文围绕SLE患者发生乳腺癌的流行病学特征、SLE可能抑制乳腺癌的潜在机制以及两者的交互作用进行总结，以期为相关人群的风险评估和临床管理提供参考。

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is primarily characterized by impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive behavioral patterns. In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the significance of autobiographical memory (AM) in the development of children's self-awareness and social skills. This review comprehensively summarizes the atypical manifestations of AM observed in children with ASD, specifically highlighting their difficulty in retrieving detailed event information, limited capacity for emotional expression, and tendency to produce fragmented personal narratives. These memory deficits may hinder the establishment of a coherent self-concept and negatively affect social capabilities, including sharing personal experiences and understanding others' perspectives. At the cognitive level, these memory impairments have been linked to deficits in executive functions, language abilities, and emotional regulation. From a neurobiological perspective, dysfunction within the default mode network (DMN) may disrupt effective processing and integration of self-related information. Furthermore, this review discusses potential interventions, such as parent-guided elaborative reminiscing and narrative-based training programs tailored specifically for children with ASD, aimed at enhancing their autobiographical memory skills and subsequently improving self-awareness and social competence. Clarifying the connection between AM impairments and core ASD symptoms can guide more precise clinical and educational interventions, ultimately facilitating comprehensive cognitive, emotional, and social development in affected children.

Brain abscess is a localized suppurative infection within the cranial cavity. Although its incidence is low, it is a critical condition associated with high mortality and disability rates. The widespread application of CT, MRI, and molecular pathogen detection has revolutionized its diagnostic paradigm, Nevertheless,, clinical management still faces challenges such as shifting epidemiological characteristics and poor long-term functional outcomes. As a complex clinical syndrome, the treatment strategy for brain abscess should be tailored to pathogen characteristics, host immune status, and individual patient differences, adopting a comprehensive intervention approach that integrates multidisciplinary collaboration, minimally invasive neurosurgery, and targeted antimicrobial strategies. With continuous advances in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, along with the deepening adoption of individualized treatment concepts, the diagnosis and treatment of brain abscess are expected to further improve, thereby reducing mortality and improving long-term prognosis. This article aims to provide a systematic review of research progress on the epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, treatment strategies, and long-term prognostic management of brain abscess.

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a widely distributed DNA virus in the human population, typically remaining latent in immunocompetent hosts. When the immune function of the host is compromised, JCPyV can be reactivated and cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a severe central nervous system demyelinating disease. This review summarizes the global epidemiological characteristics, molecular biological properties, pathogenesis and related disease research progress of JCPyV, and discusses current diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies and future research directions, providing theoretical references for the prevention and treatment of JCPyV-associated diseases.

To investigate the distribution characteristics of pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children in Zunyi region from 2020 to 2024, and to analyze their variations by year, age and season, in order to provide evidence for empirical anti-infection therapy.

Clinical data of hospitalized children with bacterial CAP from five hospitals in Zunyi were collected, retrospectively. Total of 21 546 cases with positive sputum cultures and meeting CAP diagnostic criteria were included. The pathogen spectrum and its distribution across different years, age groups and seasons were analyzed. The characteristics of pathogen composition across different ages and seasons were analyzed by Pearson Chi-square test, and the pathogen distribution across different years was analyzed by Chi-square trend test.

Total of 21 546 children with CAP who had positive sputum cultures were enrolled, including 13 307 males (61.8%) and 8 239 females (38.2%). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of children among different years, seasons and age groups (χ²=1 103.4, 1 083.9, 3 733.9; all P<0.001). The detection rates of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria showed significant differences in distribution among different years (χ²=189.5, P<0.001), and the detection rate of Gram-negative bacteria (53.0%) exceeded that of Gram-positive bacteria (47.0%) in 2024. The top 5 pathogens in terms of detection rate were Haemophilus influenzae (6 972 cases, 32.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (5 746 cases, 26.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (3 825 cases, 17.8%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (2 027 cases, 9.4%) and Escherichia coli (852 cases, 4.0%). Age distribution: children in infant group were mainly infected with Haemophilus influenzae (3 344/11 073, 30.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (2 702/11 073, 24.4%) and Escherichia coli (742/11 073, 6.5%); children in the toddler and preschool group were mainly infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae [37.9% (2 228/5 879) and 33.1% (1 217/3 672)] and Haemophilus influenzae [39.3% (2 308/5 879) and 31.2% (1 145/3 672)]; children in the school-age group had the highest detection rate of MRSA (348/922, 37.7%). Seasonal distribution: the bacterial infection rate was higher in autumn and winter. Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the main pathogens in all four seasons, among which Haemophilus influenzae had the highest detection rate in winter (2 627/6 238, 42.1%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae had the highest proportion in autumn (1 821/5 435, 33.4%). Drug resistance analysis showed that Haemophilus influenzae was highly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin and cefuroxime [resistance rates were 95.3% (6 644/6 972), 89.6% (6 247/6 972) and 73.4% (5 142/6 972)]. The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to ampicillin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone were 91.1% (752/825), 83.0% (685/825) and 78.4% (647/825), respectively, and Escherichia coli was sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem; The resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to tetracycline was 100% (5 746/5 746), while the resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin was 92% (3 519/3 825), and the resistance rate of MRSA to clindamycin and erythromycinhad were both higher than 90%, and all the above Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, etc.

There were significant differences in the detection rates of pathogens from children with CAP in Zunyi region among different years, seasons and age groups. In 2024, the detection rate of Gram-negative bacteria exceeded that of Gram-positive bacteria. The dominant pathogenic bacteria varied among different age groups, and the infection rates were higher in autumn and winter. Common pathogenic bacteria were highly resistant to various conventional antibiotics. It is necessary to select reasonable antibiotics according to the drug sensitivity test results.

To investigate the diagnostic value of plasma methylation levels of human Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), E-cadherin and Ras-association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) genes in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Clinical data of 30 patients with HCV-related HCC (HCC group), 30 patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis (liver cirrhosis group), 30 patients with simple HCV infection (HCV group) and 30 healthy individuals undergoing physical examination (healthy control group) admitted to Huzhou First People’s Hospital from June 2022 to February 2024 were analyzed, retrospectively. General data, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) which was a traditional indicator for HCC screening, and methylation levels of gene RUNX3, E-cadherin and RASSF1A were compared among the four groups, respectively. The levels of AFP corresponding to high and low methylation levels of the three genes were compared in each group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the three gene methylations and AFP alone or in combination for HCV-related HCC. Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze whether the three gene methylations and AFP level were influencing factors for HCV-related HCC.

There were significant differences in total bilirubin (TBil) (F=339.823, P<0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (F=681.714, P<0.001), AFP (F=1488.962, P<0.001), and methylation levels of RUNX3 (F=92.207, P<0.001), E-cadherin (F=39.316, P<0.001) and RASSF1A (F=21.705, P<0.001) among the four groups. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the combined diagnosis of HCV-related HCC by hypermethylation of RUNX3, E-cadherin and RASSF1A genes plus AFP was 0.916, with the sensitivity of 82.50% and specificity of 55.00%. In the HCC group, AFP levels corresponding to low (<0.23%) and high (≥0.23%) RUNX3 methylation levels, low (<0.14%) and high (≥0.14%) E-cadherin methylation levels, as well as low (<0.41%) and high (≥0.41%) RASSF1A methylation levels all showed significant differences (t=3.304, P=0.002; t=4.495, P<0.001; t=3.158, P=0.003). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that RUNX3 methylation (OR=8.306, 95%CI: 1.862-37.058, P=0.006), RASSF1A methylation (OR=7.205, 95%CI: 2.080-25.268, P=0.002), and AFP level (OR=8.793, 95%CI: 1.725-44.825, P=0.009) were all risk factors for HCC in HCV-infected patients, while E-cadherin methylation was a protective factor (OR=0.457, 95%CI: 0.122-0.897, P=0.025).

Plasma methylation levels of RASSF1A, E-cadherin and RUNX3 gene can serve as effective diagnostic indicators for HCV-related HCC and may play important roles in predicting the progression of liver cirrhosis to HCC.