To evaluate the features of carotid web (CW) by ultrasonography.

A total of 66 patients with CW were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to June 2019 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. All patients were examined by both ultrasonography and CTA, and were divided into either a<50% stenosis group (54 cases) or a ≥50% stenosis group (12 cases). The ultrasonographic characteristics of CW, including the length, thickness, direction (forward or backward to the flow), acute angle between the web and carotid wall, and thrombus between the web and carotid wall were compared between the two groups. The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were compared between patients with and without ischemic stroke.

Forty-two (42/66, 63.6%) patients were diagnosed with CW by initial CDFI examination, of whom 21 (21/66, 31.8%) were diagnosed with ulcerative plaque and 3 (3/66, 4.5%) were diagnosed with carotid dissection at first but confirmed by second examination. There were no differences in the web length, thickness, direction, or thrombus detected between the two groups (P>0.05). The angle between the web and carotid wall in the<50% stenosis group was significantly smaller than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (median angel 39o vs 73o, P=0.002), and the percentage of patients with an angle≤ 60o in the<50% stenosis group was significantly higher than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (74.1% vs 41.7%, P=0.042). The diameter of the residual carotid artery at CW location in the<50% stenosis group was significantly larger and peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the<50% stenosis group than in the≥50% stenosis group (P<0.001). The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were not statistically different between patients with and without ischemic stroke (P=0.321).

Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the characteristics of carotid web in 2D and color mode. When the angle between the CW and carotid wall is large, the carotid artery stenosis ≥ 50% is more likely to happen, but carotid artery stenosis is not the main cause of ischemic stroke.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sling exercise, therapeuticultrasound, therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise in patients to alleviate pain and improve lumbar function with lumbar disc herniation.

Individuals were selected from a list of patients being followed at the department of Rehabilitation in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University. 30 patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were collected, the diagnoses were established upon medical history, physical examination, and results of imaging studies. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: therapeuticultrasound group received 14 sessions of ultrasonic therapy to the lumbar region, Sling exercise group received 14 sessions of sling exercise, and therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise group received therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise therapy 14 sessions of therapeuticultrasound to the lumbar region,7 sessions per week, 2 weeks. The VAS and ODI were compared with the assessment of the patients before and at the end of the therapy.

At the end of treatment, three groups VAS scores (F=3.069, P=0.043) and ODI scores (t=12.676, P<0.001) was lower than that at the beginning of treatment (P<0.05), at the end of treatment the VAS scores (F=59.400, P<0.001) and of the ODI scores (t=12.737, P<0.001) of ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy group was lower than the other group, the difference is significantly.

All three groups could reduce pain and improve lumbar function, and the ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy was most effective for lumbar disc herniation treatment in the three groups.

To analyze the treatment of different types of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, and explore its pathogenesis in combination with literature so as to improve the cure rate and reduce disability rate.

The clinical data of 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children were retrospectively analyzed in The Hospital of 81^st Group Army PLA from January 2015 to December 2019. The diagnosis of traumatic cerebral infarction in children was made by CT scan and MRI scan. According to different conditions, children with traumatic cerebral infarction were classified, and different treatment strategies were selected. Children with lacunar infarction were treated with calcium antagonists and neurotrophic drugs, supplemented by hyperbaric oxygen and exercise rehabilitation. The children of focal cerebral infarction and complex cerebral infarction treated by junior dehydrant and hormone also included the calcium antagonist and nutritional nerve drugs. The therapeutic regimen perhaps adjusted by the evolution of the disease. The children of extensive cerebral infarction underwent emergency cranial decompression, and was treated by reducing intracranial pressure and preventing complications after operation. The treatment results and recovery were observed.

In 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, 35 cases (83.3%) were good recovery, 4 cases (9.5%) were moderate disability, 2 cases (4.8%) were severe disability, 1 case (2.4%) died, and no vegetative state. The good recovery rate of lacunar infarction was 100%, that of focal cerebral infarction was 62.5%, that of mixed cerebral infarction was 60%, and that of extensive cerebral infarction was 50%.

It is of great significance to improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis of children with traumatic cerebral infarction to adopt different treatment schemes for different types of cerebral infarction.

To characterize the patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Tibetan Plateau over an altitude of 4000 meters.

A total of 68 cases with supratentorial hypertensive ICH were retrospectively included in Ali Regional People’s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2018. The clinical and laboratory data were collected. A simple linear correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between the amount of bleeding and sex, age, nationality, time from onset , systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol. According to computed tomography (CT) findings, 68 cases were divided into the basal ganglia ICH group (33 cases) and the lobar ICH group (35 cases). The characteristics between two groups were analyzed using t-test or χ² test.

The data of sex, age, nationality, time from onset, SBP, DBP, Hb, TG, and cholesterol of 68 cases on admission did not show any definitive correlation with the hematoma volumes (P＞0.05). The SBP and DBP of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group were significantly higher than that in the lobar ICH group, respectively [(184.9±28.5) mmHg vs (164.6±24.4) mmHg; (113.0±18.1) mmHg vs (103.0±18.4) mmHg] (t=0.499, 0.486; P=0.002, 0.033).

The relevant factors of hematoma volumes in patients with ICH in plateau area were not yet clear. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group was higher than that in those in lobar ICH group.

To compare the efficacy evaluation of electrospun composite biomaterials and a porcine small intestine submucosa mesh for hernia repair.

A randomized, single-blind, controlled multicenter trial was performed in 3 hospitals in Shanghai. Eligible adult patients with primary unilateral reducible groin hernias were randomly assigned (1∶1) to electrospun composite biomaterials (experimental group) or porcine small intestine submucosa (control group) mesh groups. Patients were treated with the tARB technique and assessed at 1,3 and 6 months after the surgery. The primary endpoint was hernia recurrence. The secondary endpoints were postoperative complications including groin pain and operative site infections.

172 patients were assigned to experimental (n=86) and control (n=86) groups. At 6 months follow-up, postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (5/86, 5.95%) and 2 (2/86, 2.35%) patients in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS or SVS score between the two groups.

We demonstrate that electrospun composite biomaterial mesh can be used as a ideal choice for inguinal hernia repair. Electrospun composite biomaterial has the characteristics of low recurrence rate, absorbability and long-term comfort.It can be further applied in clinical practice in the future.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)remains one of the most complicated hepatobiliary operations. The development of minimally invasive surgery for PD has always been an hot spot. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) has not been widespread carried out due to its difficulty and long learning curve. LPD accounts for 9% of all PD, according to the National Cancer Data base. Compared with laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery system has significant advantages in the field of minimally invasive PD, including stereotactic amplified vision, filtering hand tremor and simulating the wrist. The article would review the surgical techniques and notes, which could provide clinical reference for other surgeons.

Proprioception is a key factor for human motor control and postural stability. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a chronic degenerative osteoarthropathy induced by multiple factors, is often accompanied by impaired proprioception, joint pain, decreased balance ability, abnormal gait, and other symptoms. Muscle strengthening and joint range of motion training have long been cornerstones of KOA rehabilitation, consistently demonstrating significant functional benefits. However, despite the diversity of proprioceptive training modalities currently available, their clinical efficacy warrants further investigation. This review examines existing proprioceptive rehabilitation strategies for KOA from three distinct perspectives— peripheral, central, and combined central-peripheral rehabilitation. It provides an analysis of the advantages and mechanisms of each therapeutic approach and discusses novel technologies as well as future research directions aimed at enhancing proprioceptive function in KOA patients.

Depression, as one of the mental disorders with the highest prevalence worldwide, has become a major risk factor for suicide. Therefore, effective suicide risk assessment in affected populations is crucial for ensuring patient safety. Substantial evidence indicates that individuals with depression commonly exhibit deficits in facial emotion recognition. This paper systematically reviews the value of facial emotion recognition deficits in suicide risk assessment for depression, aiming to provide theoretical support and a foundation for establishing a suicide risk evaluation system in depressed patients.

Abnormal serum prolactin (PRL) levels, manifesting as either hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) or hypoprolactinemia, can disrupt glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis. Pathological hyperprolactinemia (PRL＞100 μg/L) may lead to insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. In contrast, low serum PRL levels are associated with impaired pancreatic β-cell function, type 2 diabetes mellitus, visceral obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Transient hyperprolactinemia characterized by homeostatic functional increases (Homeostatic Functionally Increased Transient Prolactinemia, HomeoFIT-PRL) exerts protective metabolic effects and may enhance insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. Clinically, serum PRL levels should be closely monitored, and individualized intervention strategies should be developed for affected patients.

Fundus diseases are a leading cause of vision impairment, and their accurate diagnosis and treatment rely on high-quality medical imaging. Multi-modal medical image fusion (MMIF) integrates various fundus imaging modalities-such as optical coherence tomography, color fundus photography, and fundus fluorescein angiography-to compensate for the limitations of individual modalities in structural and functional assessment. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the application of MMIF to major fundus diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), with a focus on lesion identification, disease classification, and differential diagnosis. The review aims to provide a valuable reference for further artificial intelligence-driven research and practice in the field of fundus diseases.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been established as a systemic disorder affecting multiple organ systems, yet its impact on renal function remains frequently underrecognized. A well-documented bidirectional crosstalk exists between the lungs and kidneys. In COPD, chronic inflammation serves as the central pathogenic driver: proinflammatory mediators-including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-enter systemic circulation, directly impair renal tissue, activate the NF-κB signaling pathway, and trigger oxidative stress responses. These processes promote renal tubular apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, persistent hypoxemia and hypercapnia activate endogenous hypoxia-inducible factors, leading to renal vasoconstriction and severe metabolic acidosis, thereby establishing a self-perpetuating cycle of progressive kidney injury. Cigarette smoking exerts dual organ toxicity: beyond its well-known pulmonary effects, it induces direct nephrotoxicity via endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and accumulation of heavy metals such as cadmium. Additionally, therapeutic interventions-including pharmacologic agents and mechanical ventilation-may further elevate the risk of acute r chronic kidney injury in COPD patients. Conventional renal biomarkers, such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, exhibit limited sensitivity and specificity for early detection of kidney damage, often failing to identify subclinical injury until significant functional decline has occurred. In contrast, novel biomarkers offer superior diagnostic performance: kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) provide rapid, sensitive indicators of proximal tubular injury, whereas cystatin C (CysC) and β-microglobulin (β-MG) reliably reflect subtle alterations in glomerular filtration rate. Moreover, the leukocyte-related inflammatory index model-constructed using readily accessible peripheral blood inflammatory markers-is simple, practical, and highly suitable for clinical implementation. Furthermore, a machine learning model built upon routinely available clinical parameters demonstrates excellent predictive performance for acute kidney injury in COPD patients, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91. Therefore, systematically elucidating the bidirectional crosstalk mechanisms between the lung and kidney, identifying novel biomarkers, and developing associated predictive models-particularly AI-driven early warning systems-hold significant clinical value for the early screening, precise intervention, and improved prognosis of COPD-associated renal injury.

Patent foramen ovale is defined as the failure of the foramen ovale to achieve complete anatomical closure by three years of age. Numerous studies have demonstrated a close association between PFO and the occurrence and prognosis of cryptogenic stroke (CS) in the elderly. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, associations, and treatment strategies for elderly CS patients with PFO, along with the latest updates from relevant guidelines, aiming to provide clinicians with diagnostic insights and early intervention strategies.

Osteosarcopenia is defined as the coexistence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia, characterized by concurrent declines in bone mass, muscle mass, and muscle strength. This synergistic condition contributes to functional impairment and adverse outcomes including fatigue, falls, and fractures, and substantially diminishes the health and quality of life of older adults. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia is notably high in the elderly population, with a global estimate of 18.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.7~20.3%) and a Chinese prevalence of 19.8% (95%CI: 6.5~33.0%). Osteosarcopenia significantly increases the risk of fractures (hazard ratio [HR]=2.13), falls (HR=1.54), and death (HR=1.75) in patients, and is associated with many chronic diseases, imposing a substantial medical, social, and economic burden. Currently, no single screening tool exists for osteosarcopenia; therefore, detection typically requires a combination of sarcopenia-specific instruments (e.g., the SARC-CalF questionnaire) and osteoporosis risk assessment tools (e.g., FRAX®). In terms of systematic management, the primary therapeutic goals are to improve muscle mass and strength, enhance balance and mobility, increase bone density, prevent falls and fractures, and maintain overall quality of life. At present, prevention and treatment rely mainly on nutritional support and exercise interventions, as pharmacological options remain limited. Further research is urgently needed to develop safe and effective pharmacotherapies capable of improving muscle capacity and strength in this population.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal ablation modality that employs high-intensity, short-pulsed electric fields to induce irreversible cell membrane damage. It has garnered increasing attention for the treatment of tumors located in anatomically complex locations. For tumors adjacent to critical structures such as major blood vessels, bile ducts, and nerves, conventional surgery often entails substantial trauma and elevated perioperative risks, whereas thermal ablation is constrained by the risk of collateral thermal injury and the heat sink effect, which may compromise both therapeutic efficacy and patient safety. In contrast, IRE slectively eliminates local lesions through permanent membrane permeabilization while preserving the integrity of vascular and ductal structures, thereby offering distinct advantages in challenging regions including the pancreatic head, hepatic hilum, renal hilum, and prostate. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that IRE may potentiate anti-tumor immune responses by inducing immunogenic cell death and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action, technical advantages, clinical efficacy and safety of IRE in tumors arising from various complex anatomical sites, and also discusses current challenges and future directions for this promising technique.

To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of endovascular treatment for acutely ruptured aneurysms located in the superior cerebellar artery.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 34 patients with ruptured superior cerebellar artery aneurysms who underwent endovascular treatment at Neurosurgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from October 2011 to October 2024. The incidence of in-hospital complications was evaluated. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin scale (MRS), and aneurysm occlusion status was evaluated according to the Raymond-Roy Occlusion Classification.

Among the 34 patients included in this study, 9 underwent stent-assisted coiling, whereas 25 were treated with simple coil embolization. In-hospital complications occurred in 11 patients (32.4%), including hemorrhagic complications in 4 patients (11.8%), with 1 in-hospital death (2.9%), ischemic complications in 5 patients (14.7%), and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in 3 patients (8.8%). One patient developed both shunt-dependent hydrocephalus and a hemorrhagic complication. All 34 patients completed clinical follow-up, with a median follow-up duration of 41.5 (26.5-61.8) months. During follow-up, 3 patients (8.8%) experienced complications, including 2 patients (5.9%) who developed their first complication after discharge. Two patients (5.9%) suffered aneurysm rebleeding during follow-up, resulting in death in one patient and cerebral infarction in the other. The overall mortality rate in this cohort was 8.8% (3/34). Angiographic follow-up was available for 24 patients, with a median follow-up duration of 9 (6-12) months. According to the Raymond-Roy occlusion classification, complete occlusion (Grade Ⅰ) was achieved in 20 patients (83.3%), residual neck (Grade Ⅱ) was observed in 3 patients (12.5%), and residual aneurysm (Grade Ⅲ) was identified in 1 patient (4.2%).

Endovascular treatment for acutely ruptured superior cerebellar artery aneurysms is feasible and demonstrates favorable clinical efficacy. However, procedure-related and disease-related complications remain a significant concern and warrant close attention.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a cerebrovascular emergency associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality. Although surgical interventions and intensive care techniques have been continuously improved, the overall prognosis of patients remains poor, since early brain injury, delayed cerebral ischemia, and chronic complications severely hinder neurological rehabilitation. Stem cell therapy, owing to its multidirectional differentiation potential, potent immunomodulatory functions, and neurorestorative properties, serves as a promising novel therapeutic strategy for aSAH. This article systematically elaborates the pathological mechanisms of aSAH, systematically analyzes the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of stem cell therapy, reviews preliminary clinical evidence, and discusses current translational challenges and future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for basic research and clinical translation of stem cell therapy in aSAH treatment.

Stroke is a major cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability rates that seriously threaten human health. Conventional pharmacotherapy serves as the main treatment for stroke. Nevertheless, restricted by the blood brain barrier (BBB) and other obstacles, drugs fail to achieve satisfactory targeted efficacy and biosafety, leaving much room for improvement. With the rapid development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials have been widely adopted in various medical fields, offering novel research avenues for stroke diagnosis and treatment. Benefiting from unique properties including nanoscale size effects, nanomaterials can elevate the resolution and sensitivity of imaging modalities for early lesion identification, and cross the BBB to boost the efficiency of targeted drug delivery. At present, the clinical translation of nanomaterials is hampered by multiple challenges such as biosafety risks and standardized quality control. Along with sustained advances in fundamental research and manufacturing technology, nanomaterial-based platforms are expected to address current bottlenecks and emerge as critical therapeutic tools for cerebrovascular disorders. This review recapitulates cutting-edge research progress of nanomaterials in stroke theranostics, analyzes translational barriers and prospective development trends, and intends to provide references for further investigation and clinical transformation of innovative nano-theranostic strategies against stroke.

Liver cirrhosis can cause multiple severe complications, including portal hypertension-induced hypersplenism and oesophageal variceal bleeding. In recent years, with widespread application of different treatments such as drug therapy, splenic artery embolization and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, the role of surgical resection in the management of portal hypertension has been gradually weakened. However, combined with the actual clinical situation in China, splenectomy, as the main surgical treatment for portal hypertension, is still of significance, which can not be completely replaced by alternative options.Splenectomy combined with selective pericardial devascularization is the most common procedure to treat hypersplenism and oesophageal variceal bleeding caused by portal hypertension, which has been widely applied in Chinese hospitals at all levels and saved the lives of patients. However, complications post-splenectomy limit further improvement in the quality of life of patients with portal hypertension. In this review, the complications after splenectomy were systematically analyzed, aiming to provide theoretical basis for refined management of patients with portal hypertension.