To evaluate the features of carotid web (CW) by ultrasonography.

A total of 66 patients with CW were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to June 2019 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. All patients were examined by both ultrasonography and CTA, and were divided into either a<50% stenosis group (54 cases) or a ≥50% stenosis group (12 cases). The ultrasonographic characteristics of CW, including the length, thickness, direction (forward or backward to the flow), acute angle between the web and carotid wall, and thrombus between the web and carotid wall were compared between the two groups. The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were compared between patients with and without ischemic stroke.

Forty-two (42/66, 63.6%) patients were diagnosed with CW by initial CDFI examination, of whom 21 (21/66, 31.8%) were diagnosed with ulcerative plaque and 3 (3/66, 4.5%) were diagnosed with carotid dissection at first but confirmed by second examination. There were no differences in the web length, thickness, direction, or thrombus detected between the two groups (P>0.05). The angle between the web and carotid wall in the<50% stenosis group was significantly smaller than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (median angel 39o vs 73o, P=0.002), and the percentage of patients with an angle≤ 60o in the<50% stenosis group was significantly higher than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (74.1% vs 41.7%, P=0.042). The diameter of the residual carotid artery at CW location in the<50% stenosis group was significantly larger and peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the<50% stenosis group than in the≥50% stenosis group (P<0.001). The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were not statistically different between patients with and without ischemic stroke (P=0.321).

Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the characteristics of carotid web in 2D and color mode. When the angle between the CW and carotid wall is large, the carotid artery stenosis ≥ 50% is more likely to happen, but carotid artery stenosis is not the main cause of ischemic stroke.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sling exercise, therapeuticultrasound, therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise in patients to alleviate pain and improve lumbar function with lumbar disc herniation.

Individuals were selected from a list of patients being followed at the department of Rehabilitation in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University. 30 patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were collected, the diagnoses were established upon medical history, physical examination, and results of imaging studies. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: therapeuticultrasound group received 14 sessions of ultrasonic therapy to the lumbar region, Sling exercise group received 14 sessions of sling exercise, and therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise group received therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise therapy 14 sessions of therapeuticultrasound to the lumbar region,7 sessions per week, 2 weeks. The VAS and ODI were compared with the assessment of the patients before and at the end of the therapy.

At the end of treatment, three groups VAS scores (F=3.069, P=0.043) and ODI scores (t=12.676, P<0.001) was lower than that at the beginning of treatment (P<0.05), at the end of treatment the VAS scores (F=59.400, P<0.001) and of the ODI scores (t=12.737, P<0.001) of ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy group was lower than the other group, the difference is significantly.

All three groups could reduce pain and improve lumbar function, and the ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy was most effective for lumbar disc herniation treatment in the three groups.

To analyze the treatment of different types of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, and explore its pathogenesis in combination with literature so as to improve the cure rate and reduce disability rate.

The clinical data of 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children were retrospectively analyzed in The Hospital of 81^st Group Army PLA from January 2015 to December 2019. The diagnosis of traumatic cerebral infarction in children was made by CT scan and MRI scan. According to different conditions, children with traumatic cerebral infarction were classified, and different treatment strategies were selected. Children with lacunar infarction were treated with calcium antagonists and neurotrophic drugs, supplemented by hyperbaric oxygen and exercise rehabilitation. The children of focal cerebral infarction and complex cerebral infarction treated by junior dehydrant and hormone also included the calcium antagonist and nutritional nerve drugs. The therapeutic regimen perhaps adjusted by the evolution of the disease. The children of extensive cerebral infarction underwent emergency cranial decompression, and was treated by reducing intracranial pressure and preventing complications after operation. The treatment results and recovery were observed.

In 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, 35 cases (83.3%) were good recovery, 4 cases (9.5%) were moderate disability, 2 cases (4.8%) were severe disability, 1 case (2.4%) died, and no vegetative state. The good recovery rate of lacunar infarction was 100%, that of focal cerebral infarction was 62.5%, that of mixed cerebral infarction was 60%, and that of extensive cerebral infarction was 50%.

It is of great significance to improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis of children with traumatic cerebral infarction to adopt different treatment schemes for different types of cerebral infarction.

To characterize the patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Tibetan Plateau over an altitude of 4000 meters.

A total of 68 cases with supratentorial hypertensive ICH were retrospectively included in Ali Regional People’s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2018. The clinical and laboratory data were collected. A simple linear correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between the amount of bleeding and sex, age, nationality, time from onset , systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol. According to computed tomography (CT) findings, 68 cases were divided into the basal ganglia ICH group (33 cases) and the lobar ICH group (35 cases). The characteristics between two groups were analyzed using t-test or χ² test.

The data of sex, age, nationality, time from onset, SBP, DBP, Hb, TG, and cholesterol of 68 cases on admission did not show any definitive correlation with the hematoma volumes (P＞0.05). The SBP and DBP of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group were significantly higher than that in the lobar ICH group, respectively [(184.9±28.5) mmHg vs (164.6±24.4) mmHg; (113.0±18.1) mmHg vs (103.0±18.4) mmHg] (t=0.499, 0.486; P=0.002, 0.033).

The relevant factors of hematoma volumes in patients with ICH in plateau area were not yet clear. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group was higher than that in those in lobar ICH group.

To compare the efficacy evaluation of electrospun composite biomaterials and a porcine small intestine submucosa mesh for hernia repair.

A randomized, single-blind, controlled multicenter trial was performed in 3 hospitals in Shanghai. Eligible adult patients with primary unilateral reducible groin hernias were randomly assigned (1∶1) to electrospun composite biomaterials (experimental group) or porcine small intestine submucosa (control group) mesh groups. Patients were treated with the tARB technique and assessed at 1,3 and 6 months after the surgery. The primary endpoint was hernia recurrence. The secondary endpoints were postoperative complications including groin pain and operative site infections.

172 patients were assigned to experimental (n=86) and control (n=86) groups. At 6 months follow-up, postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (5/86, 5.95%) and 2 (2/86, 2.35%) patients in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS or SVS score between the two groups.

We demonstrate that electrospun composite biomaterial mesh can be used as a ideal choice for inguinal hernia repair. Electrospun composite biomaterial has the characteristics of low recurrence rate, absorbability and long-term comfort.It can be further applied in clinical practice in the future.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)remains one of the most complicated hepatobiliary operations. The development of minimally invasive surgery for PD has always been an hot spot. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) has not been widespread carried out due to its difficulty and long learning curve. LPD accounts for 9% of all PD, according to the National Cancer Data base. Compared with laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery system has significant advantages in the field of minimally invasive PD, including stereotactic amplified vision, filtering hand tremor and simulating the wrist. The article would review the surgical techniques and notes, which could provide clinical reference for other surgeons.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a non-suppurative meningeal inflammation caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, characterized by insidious onset, poor specificity in clinical manifestations and poor prognosis, making it the type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis with the highest mortality rate. The pathogenesis of TBM is complex and diverse, primarily resulting from insufficient primary immune response or secondary immune deficiency of the body, leading to Mtb penetration through the blood-brain barrier and dissemination. Due to the atypical early clinical symptoms and conventional test results, as well as the low sensitivity of Mtb culture, early diagnosis of TBM is difficult. Recent advances in clinical testing and treatment have greatly improved, automated real-time nucleic acid amplification detection for Mtb and Rifampicin resistance and high-throughput sequencing technologies have been widely adopted, immunological and multi-omics detection techniques continue to advance, and novel anti-tuberculosis drugs along with comprehensive treatment regimens are now in clinical use. These integrated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have significantly improved the clinical confirmation rate of TBM while reducing the complications and sequelae. This article reviews the current advances in diagnosis, treatment and research of TBM.

To investigate the methylation characteristics of the integrin αL (ITGAL) promoter region in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its diagnostic value in patients with colon cancer complicated with sepsis.

Total of 209 patients initially diagnosed with colon cancer in the Second People’s Hospital of Nantong from March 1st, 2022 to March 31st, 2023 were selected and divided into simple colon cancer group (117 cases) and colon cancer with sepsis group (92 cases) based on the presence of sepsis complications, while 50 healthy subjects were selected as control group. The methylation levels at seven sites of the ITGAL promoter region in peripheral blood were analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The levels of procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) of patients in both groups were detected by Chemiluminescence method and compared by one-way ANOVA among multiple groups. The diagnostic value of various indicators for sepsis of patients with colon cancer were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The associations of gender, age, pathological grade, TNM stage, treatment method, PCT, IL-6, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and ITGAL levels with the risk of sepsis in patients with colon cancer were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression models.

The methylation levels at ITGAL sites 40, 128 and 342 were significantly higher of patients in colon cancer with sepsis group compared with simple colon cancer group (t=3.69, 2.51, 4.76, P=0.017, 0.032, 0.010), but the methylation level at ITGAL-310 was significantly lower (t=5.19, P < 0.001), all with significant differences. The combined diagnosis of PCT, NLR, IL-6 and TNF-α showed the highest area under ROC curve (0.902), followed by PCT (0.857), ITGAL (0.842) and IL-6 (0.783). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.075, 95%CI: 1.022-1.060, P=0.041), TNM stage (OR=1.056, 95%CI: 1.009-9.894, P=0.047), treatment method (OR=3.933, 95%CI: 1.482-10.442, P=0.006), PCT (OR=1.353, 95%CI: 0.002-6.818, P=0.031) and ITGAL (OR=2.014, 95%CI: 0.000-5.726, P=0.014) were all influencing factors of the occurrence of sepsis in patients with colon cancer.

ITGAL and inflammatory factors are involved in the progression of sepsis in colon cancer and serve as sensitive biomarkers for the diagnosis of colon cancer-associated sepsis. PBMC-ITGAL methylation has discriminative diagnostic significance for colon cancer complicated with sepsis.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex, including genetic, environmental and dietary factors. In recent years, the relationship between gastric microbiota and gastric cancer has gradually become a hot research topic. More and more studies have shown that gastric microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. This review systematically expounds the relationship between the composition and changes of gastric microbiota and the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, including the association between microbial infections such as Helicobacter pylori, non-Helicobacter pylori bacteria, fungi and viruses and gastric cancer, as well as the influence and mechanism of microbial imbalance on gastric cancer. At the same time, the limitations of existing research and future research directions are also discussed, which provides new ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment strategies of gastric cancer.

To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and influencing factors for progression to liver cirrhosis.

Total of 755 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody, positive HCV RNA, and successful polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene sequencing admitted to Qinghai Fourth People’s Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were collected, retrospectively. According to HCV genotype, the cases were divided into GT3 group (250 cases) and non-GT3 group (505 cases); according to whether progressed to liver cirrhosis after completing antiviral therapy, the cases were divided into liver cirrhosis group (575 cases) and non-liver cirrhosis group (180 cases). Gender, age, population classification, route of infection, treatment rate and liver inflammation indicators were compared between the two groups, respectively. The normally distributed and non-normally distributed measurement data were compared by independent samples t-test and non-parametric test, respectively; and the rates were compared by Pearson Chi-square test. The correlation between various baseline indicators of CHC patients and progression to liver cirrhosis were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. The independent influencing factors of progression to liver cirrhosis of CHC patients were analyzed by multiple factor Logistic regression model.

Among the 755 patients with CHC, the infection rate of HCV GT3 was 33.11% (250/755). Compared with patients of non-GT3 group, the GT3 group had a significantly higher proportion of males (197/250, 78.80%), cases aged 40-60 years old (224/250, 89.60%), unemployed individuals and farmers (219/250, 87.60%) and those with intravenous drug use as the route of infection (124/250, 49.60%), with significant differences (all P<0.001). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), total bilirubin (TBil), liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and APRI score of patients in GT3 group were significantly higher than those in non-GT3 group, with significant differences (all P<0.001). The platelet (PLT) count and SVR12 rate of patients in GT3 group were significantly lower than those in non-GT3 group (Z=－6.424, P<0.001: χ²=6.370, P=0.012), and the incidence of liver cirrhosis was significantly higher among patients in GT3 group (39.60% vs. 16.04%; χ²=51.121, P<0.001). Among the 250 patients infected with HCV GT3 subtype, the proportion of GT3b subtype was 71.6% (179/250). Compared with those infected with GT3a subtype, patients infected with GT3b subtype had a significantly older average age [(53.52±5.34) years old vs. (51.37±8.32) years old] and significantly higher AFP level [6.85 (3.61, 13.67) ng/ml vs. 5.05 (3.56, 8.89) ng/ml], with significant differences (t=8.574, P=0.046; Z=－2.303, P=0.021). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the progression to liver cirrhosis in patients with CHC was positively correlated with age (r=0.125, P<0.001), HCV GT3 infection (r=0.262, P<0.001), ALT (r=0.104, P=0.004), AST (r=0.304, P<0.001), APRI (r=0.510, P<0.001), AFP (r=0.183, P<0.001), LSM (r=0.671, P<0.001) and TBil (r=0.276, P<0.001), while negatively correlated with platelet (PLT) count (r=－0.408, P<0.001) and albumin level (r=－0.103, P=0.005). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that HCV GT3 infection (OR=1.842, 95%CI: 1.584-2.192, P<0.001), AST (OR=1.008, 95%CI: 1.000-1.016, P=0.041), PLT (OR=0.992, 95%CI: 0.985-0.994, P<0.001), AFP (OR=1.012, 95%CI: 1.002-1.022, P=0.014), albumin (ALB) (OR=0.870, 95%CI: 0.781-0.969, P=0.011), age (OR=1.028, 95%CI: 1.011-1.044, P<0.001) and LSM (OR=1.430, 95%CI: 1.329-1.539, P<0.001) were all influencing factors for the progression to liver cirrhosis in CHC patients after completing antiviral treatment.

HCV genotype 3 (especially subtype 3b) infection accounts for a significant proportion of CHC patients in Qinghai region, and is associated with a more aggressive clinical course and higher risk of liver cirrhosis. HCV genotype 3 infection, AST, PLT, AFP, ALB, age and LSM are all independent influencing factors for the progression to liver cirrhosis in patients with CHC.

To establish a prediction model for 28-day in-hospital mortality of patients with septic shock using machine learning (ML) and verify its effectiveness.

The clinical data of patients with septic shock admitted to Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from January 2019 to June 2024 were analyzed, retrospectively. Patients were divided into death group (104 cases) and survival group (161 cases) based on their prognosis at 28 days after admission. The key variables associated with 28-day in-hospital mortality were screened by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. The entire dataset was randomly divided into training set and test set with a ratio of 3∶1. By comparing eight different ML algorithms, the optimal algorithm was selected to construct the prediction model. The model performance were evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA). The model was interpreted by Shapley additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithm.

Total of 265 patients with septic shock were enrolled. Forty-seven variables were initially included based on clinical preliminary screening; nine key variables were selected by the LASSO model for subsequent model development. Among the eight models constructed, the radial basis function-support vector machine (RSVM) model demonstrated the best overall performance. After optimization by this algorithm, the AUCs were 0.85 for the training set and 0.77 for the test set; the accuracies were 78.8% and 71.6%, respectively; the recall rates were 75.6% and 69.2%, respectively; and the DCA curves indicated higher net benefits. SHAP value analysis revealed that septic shock complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (involving four or more organs) was the most important predictive variable, followed by the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score.

Machine learning could be used to build an accurate prediction model for the 28-day in-hospital mortality risk of patients with septic shock. This model could improve the risk stratification and may guide clinicians in implementing appropriate interventions.

To investigate the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in late-pregnancy women on maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes during the Omicron variant pandemic.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 pregnant women admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 1st, 2022 to April 30th, 2023. These patients were divided into infection group (35 cases) and control group (35 cases) based on whether they were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the late pregnancy period. The clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and neonatal outcomes between the two groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square test.

The Infection group had a significantly longer hospital stay than the control group [11 (10, 14) days vs. 7 (4, 10) days: Z=4.263, P<0.001]. The cesarean section rate between the Infection group and control group was without significant difference (48.57% vs. 48.57%: χ²=0.000, P=1.000). Among the indications for cesarean section, the Infection group had higher incidence of fetal distress (41.18% vs. 5.88%: χ²=4.087, P=0.043). Compared with control group, patients in Infection group had lower proportions of elevated white blood cell count (17.14% vs. 51.43%: χ²=9.130, P=0.003) and elevated neutrophil count (34.29% vs. 68.57%: χ²=8.235, P=0.004), but with higher proportions of decreased lymphocyte count (85.71% vs. 14.29%: χ²=35.714, P<0.001) and elevated fibrinogen degradation products (68.57% vs. 28.57%: χ²=11.209, P<0.001). In Infection group, women who received 3 doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine had higher serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels than unvaccinated women [2.66 (1.25, 8.72) S/CO vs. 0.04 (0.02, 0.11) S/CO, Z=－4.044, P<0.001]. SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid of all neonates born from infected women were negative, which indicated no vertical transmission. The Infection group had a lower incidence of pathological jaundice in neonates (14.2% vs. 37.14%: χ²=4.786, P=0.029), but higher proportions of neonatal decreased lymphocyte count (72.22% vs. 37.14%: χ²=5.853, P=0.016) and elevated C-reactive protein (83.33% vs. 20.00%: χ²=19.638, P<0.001). Neonates in the Infection group had lower anti-IgG levels than those in the control group [4.32 (0.74, 16.13) S/CO vs. 62.12 (3.76, 103.21) S/CO: Z=－3.610, P<0.001]. Among the 70 enrolled women, neonates born from those with hybrid immunity (natural infection + vaccination) had higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels than those born from naturally infected mothers [46.34 (6.99, 96.20) S/CO vs. 0.20 (0.05, 2.16) S/CO: Z=4.267, P<0.001].

SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy may increase the risk of fetal distress and prolong maternal hospital stay, necessitating enhanced perinatal monitoring. Although no vertical transmission was observed, maternal inflammatory and immune status may affect neonatal inflammatory and immune parameters. Timely COVID-19 vaccination of mothers may enhance neonatal passive immunity.

To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of lesion regression after biopsy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 240 patients who underwent colposcopic biopsy, diagnosed as CIN3 and subsequent cold knife conization at Maternal and Children’s Healthcare Hospital of Beijing Dongcheng District from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2024. Cone pathology ≤ CIN1 was defined as CIN3 lesion regression; patients were divided into regression group (63 cases) and non-regression group (177 cases) based on whether CIN3 lesions regressed. Age, gravidity and parity, number of cervical quadrants involved, number of biopsies obtained, biopsy-conization interval, menopausal status, contraceptive methods, educational level, medical comorbidities, cytology and HPV screening results, types of transformation zone and performance of endocervical curettage (ECC) between two groups were compared, respectively. The influencing factors of CIN3 lesion regression were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.

The regression rate of CIN3 lesions after biopsy was 26.3% (63/240). Compared with non-regression group, patients in regression group had lower proportion of high-grade cytological lesions (χ²=12.671, P < 0.001), lower proportion of type 3 transformation zones (χ²=5.002, P=0.025), fewer involved quadrants (t=3.553, P=0.001) and longer biopsy-conization interval (t=－2.250, P=0.027), all with significant differences. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high-grade cytological lesions (OR=0.297, 95%CI: 0.130-0.679, P=0.004) and multi-quadrant involvement (OR=0.661, 95%CI: 0.455-0.962, P=0.030) were independent influencing factors for CIN3 lesion regression.

CIN3 patients with low-grade cytology (≤ low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and localized lesions (≤ 2 quadrants) are more likely to experience lesion regression after biopsy.

To explore the heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophage （TAM） in breast cancer and the functional differences among different TAM subgroups， and analyze the impact of TAM-related genes on the prognosis of triple negative breast cancer （TNBC） patients.

Thirty breast cancer tissue samples and 13 normal breast tissue samples from the GSE161529 dataset were collected. TAM subgroups were identified using the Seurat pipeline and consensus non-negative matrix factorization algorithm. The immune functions of different TAM subgroups were analyzed through GO and immune response enrichment analysis. The tissue samples of 5 TNBC patients from the GSE148673 dataset were collected. Univariate Cox regression and Pearson correlation analysis were used to screen for significant gene pairs related to TAM， and a co-expression network of TAM prognostic genes was constructed. K-means unsupervised clustering was used to get molecular subtypes of 247 TNBC patients in the TCGA and GEO databases based on the co-expression network genes, and survival differences and clinical characteristics were compared among different subtypes. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.

Eight cell types （epithelial cells， T cells， fibroblasts， macrophages， endothelial cells， tissue stem cells， B cells and common myeloid progenitor cells） were annotated in the GSE161529 dataset. Among them， six functionally distinct TAM subgroups were identified， which played roles in immune inflammation, energy metabolism and cell adhesion. In the GSE148673 dataset， high expression of TAM-related genes CLEC4E， CTSC， CTSH， and CTSS was associated with a favorable prognosis in TNBC patients （P<0.01）， while high expression of STAB1， RNASE1， SDS， SPP1 and TREM2 indicated a poor prognosis （P<0.01）. Through univariate Cox analysis and Pearson correlation analysis， a co-expression network of 26 TAM genes related to patient prognosis was constructed. TNBC patients were classified into protective type （Group A， 96 cases） and risky type （Group B， 99 cases） based on the expression of 26 TAM genes. The binary clustering heatmap showed high consistency within groups； the gene expression heatmap indicated that protective TAM genes were highly expressed in Group A and lowly expressed in Group B. Survival analysis showed that the overall survival of Group A patients was significantly better than that of Group B （χ²=6.63，P=0.010）； the clinical heatmap further revealed differences in age and clinical stage between two groups.

TAMs in breast cancer and its tumor microenvironment are heterogeneous， and six TAM subgroups have distinct roles in immune inflammation, energy metabolism and cell adhesion. TAM-related genes have clinical typing and prognostic prediction value in TNBC patients.

To compare the clinical efficacy between hormone therapy and ultrasound-guided microwave ablation in treating non-lactating mastitis patients.

According to the inclusion and exclusion critieria, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 39 non-lactating mastitis patients admitted to the Guangdong North People's Hospital from January 2020 to March 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on treatment methods： the hormone group （25 cases） and the ablation group （14 cases）. The hormone group received conventional glucocorticoids and oral compound scutellaria barbata， while the ablation group underwent ultrasound-guided microwave ablation and oral compound scutellaria barbata. The median follow-up time was 29 months， during which symptom relief rates， satisfaction rates and major adverse reactions were recorded. Inter-group comparisons of symptom relief rates and patient satisfaction rates were performed using Fisher's exact test， while degree of symptom relief， satisfaction levels and adverse reactions were compared using non-parametric tests.

The ablation group achieved a symptom relief rate of 85.7% （12/14）， significantly higher than 48.0% （12/25） in the hormone group （P=0.038）. No statistically significant difference was observed in degree of symptom relief between the two groups （Z=-1.612， P=0.104）. The ablation group demonstrated the patient satisfaction rate of 85.7% （12/14）， significantly higher than 44.0% （11/25） in the hormone group （P=0.017）. Statistical significance was found in the satisfaction levels between the two groups （Z=-2.208， P=0.043）. In the hormone group， adverse reactions include weight gain (19 cases), facial acne (17 cases), generalized rash (12 cases), and gastrointestinal adverse reactions (16 cases). In the ablation group， adverse reactions included swelling in the ablation area (6 cases), breast lumps (10 cases), skin ecchymosis in the ablation area (9 cases), and non-healing puncture sites (2 cases).

The ultrasound-guided microwave ablation combined with compound scutellaria barbata for non-lactating mastitis demonstrates shows a symptom relief similar to hormone therapy, but with higher patient satisfaction， worthy of clinical application.

激素受体（HR）阳性/HER-2阴性乳腺癌是乳腺癌中最常见的亚型，占所有乳腺癌的72%。近年来，新辅助治疗在HR阳性/HER-2阴性乳腺癌中的应用逐渐受到关注，其疗效和临床价值存在争议。本文阐述了HR阳性/HER-2阴性乳腺癌新辅助治疗的最新进展，讨论了化疗、传统内分泌治疗、内分泌联合靶向治疗（如周期蛋白依赖性激酶4/6抑制剂、PI3K抑制剂等）以及免疫治疗的临床疗效和安全性，介绍了新辅助治疗中常用的疗效评估工具（如pCR、Ki-67、RCB、PEPI评分等）和多基因检测技术对临床治疗的意义，为未来临床研究和个体化治疗提供理论依据和探索方向。

乳房切除术是治疗乳腺癌的主要手段之一，虽然其能够提高患者的生存率，但术后乳房感觉功能的丧失显著影响患者的生活质量。随着乳房重建技术的发展，神经重建成为恢复乳房感觉功能的重要手段。本文总结了乳房切除术后感觉功能重建的多种方式，探讨了其临床应用前景，并分析如何在临床实施标准化的感觉评估方法。尽管这些技术取得了一定进展，乳房感觉功能重建仍面临技术难度、个体差异及评估标准不统一等挑战。本文指出目前研究中存在的问题，以期进一步提高乳腺癌患者术后生活质量。