To evaluate the features of carotid web (CW) by ultrasonography.

A total of 66 patients with CW were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to June 2019 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. All patients were examined by both ultrasonography and CTA, and were divided into either a<50% stenosis group (54 cases) or a ≥50% stenosis group (12 cases). The ultrasonographic characteristics of CW, including the length, thickness, direction (forward or backward to the flow), acute angle between the web and carotid wall, and thrombus between the web and carotid wall were compared between the two groups. The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were compared between patients with and without ischemic stroke.

Forty-two (42/66, 63.6%) patients were diagnosed with CW by initial CDFI examination, of whom 21 (21/66, 31.8%) were diagnosed with ulcerative plaque and 3 (3/66, 4.5%) were diagnosed with carotid dissection at first but confirmed by second examination. There were no differences in the web length, thickness, direction, or thrombus detected between the two groups (P>0.05). The angle between the web and carotid wall in the<50% stenosis group was significantly smaller than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (median angel 39o vs 73o, P=0.002), and the percentage of patients with an angle≤ 60o in the<50% stenosis group was significantly higher than that of the ≥50% stenosis group (74.1% vs 41.7%, P=0.042). The diameter of the residual carotid artery at CW location in the<50% stenosis group was significantly larger and peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the<50% stenosis group than in the≥50% stenosis group (P<0.001). The stenosis degrees of carotid artery were not statistically different between patients with and without ischemic stroke (P=0.321).

Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate the characteristics of carotid web in 2D and color mode. When the angle between the CW and carotid wall is large, the carotid artery stenosis ≥ 50% is more likely to happen, but carotid artery stenosis is not the main cause of ischemic stroke.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sling exercise, therapeuticultrasound, therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise in patients to alleviate pain and improve lumbar function with lumbar disc herniation.

Individuals were selected from a list of patients being followed at the department of Rehabilitation in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University. 30 patients who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were collected, the diagnoses were established upon medical history, physical examination, and results of imaging studies. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: therapeuticultrasound group received 14 sessions of ultrasonic therapy to the lumbar region, Sling exercise group received 14 sessions of sling exercise, and therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise group received therapeuticultrasound and sling exercise therapy 14 sessions of therapeuticultrasound to the lumbar region,7 sessions per week, 2 weeks. The VAS and ODI were compared with the assessment of the patients before and at the end of the therapy.

At the end of treatment, three groups VAS scores (F=3.069, P=0.043) and ODI scores (t=12.676, P<0.001) was lower than that at the beginning of treatment (P<0.05), at the end of treatment the VAS scores (F=59.400, P<0.001) and of the ODI scores (t=12.737, P<0.001) of ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy group was lower than the other group, the difference is significantly.

All three groups could reduce pain and improve lumbar function, and the ultrasonic and sling exercise therapy was most effective for lumbar disc herniation treatment in the three groups.

To analyze the treatment of different types of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, and explore its pathogenesis in combination with literature so as to improve the cure rate and reduce disability rate.

The clinical data of 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children were retrospectively analyzed in The Hospital of 81^st Group Army PLA from January 2015 to December 2019. The diagnosis of traumatic cerebral infarction in children was made by CT scan and MRI scan. According to different conditions, children with traumatic cerebral infarction were classified, and different treatment strategies were selected. Children with lacunar infarction were treated with calcium antagonists and neurotrophic drugs, supplemented by hyperbaric oxygen and exercise rehabilitation. The children of focal cerebral infarction and complex cerebral infarction treated by junior dehydrant and hormone also included the calcium antagonist and nutritional nerve drugs. The therapeutic regimen perhaps adjusted by the evolution of the disease. The children of extensive cerebral infarction underwent emergency cranial decompression, and was treated by reducing intracranial pressure and preventing complications after operation. The treatment results and recovery were observed.

In 42 cases of traumatic cerebral infarction in children, 35 cases (83.3%) were good recovery, 4 cases (9.5%) were moderate disability, 2 cases (4.8%) were severe disability, 1 case (2.4%) died, and no vegetative state. The good recovery rate of lacunar infarction was 100%, that of focal cerebral infarction was 62.5%, that of mixed cerebral infarction was 60%, and that of extensive cerebral infarction was 50%.

It is of great significance to improve the therapeutic effect and prognosis of children with traumatic cerebral infarction to adopt different treatment schemes for different types of cerebral infarction.

To characterize the patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Tibetan Plateau over an altitude of 4000 meters.

A total of 68 cases with supratentorial hypertensive ICH were retrospectively included in Ali Regional People’s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2018. The clinical and laboratory data were collected. A simple linear correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between the amount of bleeding and sex, age, nationality, time from onset , systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol. According to computed tomography (CT) findings, 68 cases were divided into the basal ganglia ICH group (33 cases) and the lobar ICH group (35 cases). The characteristics between two groups were analyzed using t-test or χ² test.

The data of sex, age, nationality, time from onset, SBP, DBP, Hb, TG, and cholesterol of 68 cases on admission did not show any definitive correlation with the hematoma volumes (P＞0.05). The SBP and DBP of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group were significantly higher than that in the lobar ICH group, respectively [(184.9±28.5) mmHg vs (164.6±24.4) mmHg; (113.0±18.1) mmHg vs (103.0±18.4) mmHg] (t=0.499, 0.486; P=0.002, 0.033).

The relevant factors of hematoma volumes in patients with ICH in plateau area were not yet clear. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure of patients in the basal ganglia ICH group was higher than that in those in lobar ICH group.

To compare the efficacy evaluation of electrospun composite biomaterials and a porcine small intestine submucosa mesh for hernia repair.

A randomized, single-blind, controlled multicenter trial was performed in 3 hospitals in Shanghai. Eligible adult patients with primary unilateral reducible groin hernias were randomly assigned (1∶1) to electrospun composite biomaterials (experimental group) or porcine small intestine submucosa (control group) mesh groups. Patients were treated with the tARB technique and assessed at 1,3 and 6 months after the surgery. The primary endpoint was hernia recurrence. The secondary endpoints were postoperative complications including groin pain and operative site infections.

172 patients were assigned to experimental (n=86) and control (n=86) groups. At 6 months follow-up, postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (5/86, 5.95%) and 2 (2/86, 2.35%) patients in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS or SVS score between the two groups.

We demonstrate that electrospun composite biomaterial mesh can be used as a ideal choice for inguinal hernia repair. Electrospun composite biomaterial has the characteristics of low recurrence rate, absorbability and long-term comfort.It can be further applied in clinical practice in the future.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)remains one of the most complicated hepatobiliary operations. The development of minimally invasive surgery for PD has always been an hot spot. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD) has not been widespread carried out due to its difficulty and long learning curve. LPD accounts for 9% of all PD, according to the National Cancer Data base. Compared with laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery system has significant advantages in the field of minimally invasive PD, including stereotactic amplified vision, filtering hand tremor and simulating the wrist. The article would review the surgical techniques and notes, which could provide clinical reference for other surgeons.

Acupuncture has achieved favorable clinical efficacy in the treatment of essential hypertension (EH), but the central nervous system mechanism underlying its antihypertensive effect remains to be further elucidated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology provides objective neuroimaging evidence, facilitating the exploration of hypertension-related cerebral mechanisms and the central action pathways of acupuncture intervention. This article systematically combs and summarizes three core aspects: abnormal changes in brain function and structure in patients with EH, advances in MRI-based imaging research on acupuncture for EH, and the mechanism of action of brain regions associated with the autonomic nervous system in acupuncture-induced blood pressure reduction. Based on existing neuroimaging evidence, this review further concludes the key brain regions correlated with the antihypertensive effect of acupuncture, and analyzes the limitations of current studies—such as small sample sizes, inconsistent acupuncture protocols, and short-term follow-up duration. It aims to provide a reference for in-depth revelation of the central mechanism of acupuncture in treating EH and optimization of future research designs.

Acupuncture therapy has garnered growing attention and recognition in the clinical management of neurological disorders, attributed to its notable efficacy, favorable safety profile, and minimal adverse reactions. Over the past decade, the research paradigm of acupuncture for neurological diseases has shifted from verifying universal therapeutic effects to in-depth exploration of its action rules and underlying mechanisms, with continuous advancements toward a more profound understanding. Acupuncture has been extensively applied in major neurological conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease—two common neurodegenerative disorders—and substantial progress has been achieved in elucidating its mechanisms of action. Studies have demonstrated that acupuncture exerts unique advantages in improving motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and neural repair through multi-targeted, holistic regulation, with abundant and reliable evidence-based medical evidence accumulated particularly in post-stroke rehabilitation and primary insomnia. However, while advancing the standardization and normalization of acupuncture protocols, full consideration must be given to individual patient differences (e.g., age, disease stage, and constitution). Currently, high-quality evidence-based research on this therapy remains relatively insufficient, and its complex neurophysiological mechanisms urgently await further in-depth interpretation. This review summarizes the clinical research progress of acupuncture in treating neurological diseases over the past decade, aiming to provide a more practically instructive reference for the standardized application of acupuncture in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.

To establish a novel mouse model of chronic renal allograft rejection.

C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice were selected as experimental animals to establish three groups: syngeneic control group, conventional allograft group and novel allograft group. Post-operative serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were monitored regularly. At 16 weeks post-transplantation, graft tissues were harvested for pathological assessment and deep phenotypic analysis. The Banff scoring system was used to evaluate renal allograft pathology. Raw sequencing data were processed using CellRanger 3.1 software. Major cell types were identified and annotated by comparing gene expression profiles with publicly available cell-type-specific gene databases. Cell cycle scoring was performed using the CellCycleScoring function in the Seurat package. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis was conducted using the ClusterProfiler package in R. Comparisons of normally distributed quantitative data were performed using one-way analysis of variance, while non-normally distributed data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Categorical data were compared using the Chi-square test. Survival curve was generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Log-rank test. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Serum creatinine (except at 8 weeks post-transplantation) and blood urea nitrogen levels in the novel allograft group were significantly higher than those in the syngeneic control and conventional allograft group at various post-operative time points (all P<0.05). Pathological analysis showed statistically significant differences in Banff scores for interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, vascular fibrous intimal thickening, and transplant glomerulopathy among the syngeneic control, novel allograft, and conventional allograft groups (H=24.385, 24.120, 23.550 and 26.840, respectively, all P<0.05). Significant differences were observed in the fibrosis area and lymphocyte infiltration rate among the novel allograft, conventional allograft, and syngeneic control group (F=129.071 and 9.543, respectively, all P<0.05). Semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical staining revealed statistically significant differences in the positive areas of Collagen-Ⅲ, alpha-smooth muscle actin, CD3 and CD19 among the three groups (F=740.142, 223.663, 106.611 and 1 026.355, respectively, all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining results indicated stronger infiltration of monocytes and macrophages in the graft tissues of the novel allograft group compared to the syngeneic control group. Cell type identification and annotation showed that epithelial cells dominated in the syngeneic control group, whereas the novel allograft group exhibited a higher proportion of immune cells. Single-cell sequencing analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the proportion of immune cells in the novel allograft group; cell cycle analysis suggested that cells in this group were predominantly in the active proliferative G2M and S phases. Gene set variation analysis and GO analysis showed significant upregulation of Hallmark gene sets related to immune activation in the novel allograft group.

The novel chronic renal allograft rejection mouse model effectively recapitulates the processes of chronic allograft rejection and renal interstitial fibrosis.

To investigate the myocardial expression of S100 calcium-binding proteins A8/A9 (S100A8/A9) in gene-edited pig donors before and after heterotopic cardiac xenotransplantation, and to delineate their relationship with macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.

Three Bama gene-edited pigs were selected as donors and three adult male rhesus macaques served as recipients; heterotopic cardiac xenotransplantation was performed. Western blotting (WB) was employed to quantify the protein levels of S100A8/A9, inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase-1 (Arg-1), TNF-α, IL-18, TGF-β, and IL-10. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate the tissue expression of CD3, CD19, and CD68. Between-group comparisons of normally distributed continuous data were performed using the independent-samples t-test, whereas the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for non-normally distributed continuous data. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Both donor and recipient hearts were successfully reperfused. WB analysis revealed that the relative expression levels of S100A8 in porcine cardiac tissue before and after transplantation were (1.000±0.000) and (3.234±0.790), respectively, while those of S100A9 were (1.000±0.000) and (2.796±0.617), respectively; the differences were statistically significant (t=-4.893 and -5.042, all P<0.05). HE staining showed extensive cardiomyocyte necrosis, hemorrhage, and inflammatory-cell infiltration in the transplanted gene-edited pig hearts. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive CD68 expression in the myocardial tissue of the gene-edited pig after transplantation. In all three recipient monkeys, the peripheral blood monocyte ratio did not exhibit a sustained postoperative increase. The relative expression levels of iNOS in porcine cardiac tissue before and after transplantation were (1.000±0.000) and (13.763±0.229), respectively, while those of Arg-1 were (1.000±0.000) and (0.143±0.071), respectively; the differences were statistically significant (t=-96.518 and 20.930, all P<0.05). Before transplantation, the relative expression levels of TNF-α, IL-18, TGF-β and IL-10 in porcine cardiac tissue were all (1.000±0.000); and the relative expression levels of them were (1.447±0.108), (3.656±0.596), (0.741±0.034), and (0.682±0.049) after transplantation, with statistically significant differences (t=-7.126, -7.725, 13.164 and 11.178, all P<0.05).

The expression of S100A8/A9, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in gene-edited pig donor hearts was markedly up-regulated, whereas anti-inflammatory markers were down-regulated, indicating that S100A8/A9 may exacerbate the inflammatory response in cardiac xenografts by promoting macrophage M1 polarization.

To investigate the association between bronchoscopy frequency and successful lung procurement among potential brain-dead donors, and to evaluate its potential impact on donor lung quality and safety, with the aim of providing evidence to optimize donor management strategies.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 251 potential brain-dead donors who underwent organ donation in the intensive care unit of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, between January 2020 and January 2024. According to the frequency of bronchoscopic procedures performed during hospitalization, donors were divided into a low-frequency group (n=131) and a high-frequency group (n=120). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at a 1 ∶1 ratio, yielding 77 matched donors in each group. Baseline characteristics were systematically collected using the hospital′s artificial intelligence–based big data platform. Continuous variables with normal distribution were compared using independent-sample t tests, whereas non-normally distributed variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Multivariable Logistic regression, propensity score-adjusted Logistic regression, and weighted models were applied to examine the association between bronchoscopy frequency and successful lung procurement. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Before PSM, the successful lung procurement rates were 30.5% (40/131) in the low-frequency group and 41.7% (50/120) in the high-frequency group. After PSM, the corresponding rates were 28.6% (22/77) and 42.9% (33/77), respectively. Substantial differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups were observed before matching, which were markedly reduced after PSM. In the unadjusted regression model, no statistically significant difference in successful lung procurement rate was observed between groups (P>0.05). However, multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed a significantly higher likelihood of successful lung procurement rate in the high-frequency group (OR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.66-6.67; P<0.05). Consistent results were obtained using propensity score-adjusted Logistic regression model (OR=2.29, 95%CI: 1.27-4.15), inverse probability weighting model (OR=2.18, 95%CI: 1.29-3.69), standardized mortality ratio weighting model (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.24-3.66), and stratified weighting model (OR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.66-6.67), all indicating significantly higher procurement success rates in the high-frequency group (all P<0.05). After PSM, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in pre-donation coagulation parameters, infection-related markers, or ventilator settings (all P>0.05).

A higher frequency of bronchoscopic procedures was associated with an increased rate of successful lung procurement among potential brain-dead donors, without a significant increase in airway-related or systemic complications.

To investigate the effects of exosomes (Exo) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).

HiPSCs were cultured, and Exo were isolated from the supernatant by ultracentrifugation. The isolated Exo were characterized by detecting the specific markers CD9, CD63, CD81 and the negative marker Calnexin via Western blot (WB), observing their morphology by transmission electron microscopy, and analyzing particle size via nanoparticle tracking analysis. SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=6 per group): sham-operated group, IRI group, IhiPSCs group, and IhiPSCs-Exo group. At 48 hours post-intervention, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured, and renal pathological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for evaluation using a modified Paller tubular injury score. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, SOD-2, and Nrf-2 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of CD163, CD68, α-SMA, COL-1, and FN-1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. WB was performed to determine the protein expression levels of p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax. Using human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells), a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established, including H/R group and H/R + hiPSCs-Exo group. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay, apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and the expression of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax was analyzed by WB. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons between groups, and further pairwise comparisons were conducted using the Tukey HSD test, with a P value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

The isolated Exo exhibited a typical cup-shaped morphology with a double-membrane structure, an average particle size of (88.0±0.6) nm, and expressed the specific marker proteins CD9, CD63, and CD81. In vivo experiments showed that compared with the IRI group, the IhiPSCs group and IhiPSCs-Exo group exhibited significantly lower levels of Scr, BUN, and modified Paller tubular injury scores (all P<0.05). Furthermore, these groups showed decreased mRNA levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, increased mRNA levels of SOD-2 and Nrf-2, reduced protein expression of CD68, α-SMA, COL-1, and FN-1 by immunohistochemistry, and elevated protein expression of CD163 (all P<0.05). WB analysis revealed that compared with the IRI group, the relative protein expression levels of p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, Caspase-3, and Bax were decreased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was increased in the IhiPSCs group and IhiPSCs-Exo group (all P<0.05). In vitro experiments demonstrated that compared with the H/R group, the hiPSCs-Exo group showed enhanced HK-2 cell proliferation, reduced numbers of apoptotic and necrotic cells, decreased protein expression of Caspase-3 and Bax, and increased expression of Bcl-2.

Exo derived from hiPSCs exert a protective effect against renal IRI through multiple pathways, including the suppression of oxidative stress, inflammatory factor expression, and apoptosis. This protective effect is associated with the inhibition of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.

To evaluate the risk factors and clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for post-kidney-transplantation diarrhea in the Northwest China.

A retrospective analysis was conducted among 230 kidney transplant recipients from the Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2019 to December 2024. Recipients were divided into the diarrhea group (n=72) and non-diarrhea group (n=158). General information and treatment of the recipients were recorded. Comparisons were made using the group t-test for normally distributed continuous variables, and the chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Variables significant at P<0.05 in univariate analysis were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

Among the 67 recipients (93.1%) with acute diarrhea, overall renal impact and clinical outcomes were relatively mild. Of these acute cases, 2 had SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1 had CMV infection, and 1 had positive fecal transferrin. Chronic diarrhea occurred in 5 cases (6.9%): 1 recipient died of severe hypokalemia; 3 recipients experienced deterioration of renal function, with 2 developed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and IgA nephropathy recurrence who gradually leading to graft failure and returning to dialysis; 1 maintained stable serum creatinine of 200-300 μmol/L; 1 achieved completely recovery after treatment. Among the 5 cases with chronic diarrhea, 1 had CMV infection, 2 had positive fecal occult blood, and 1 had clostridioides difficile infection. Diarrhea occurred beyond the first year posttransplant in 12 cases (16.7%), while the remaining cases manifested within the first year after transplantation. Significant differences were observed between groups in duration of hospital stay, body mass index, presence of hyperlipidemia, operation time, complicated with delayed graft function (DGF) after transplantation, last preoperative serum potassium and creatinine, mycophenolic acid type and smoking history (t/χ²=4.100, 2.441, 2.548, 3.688, 4.076, -2.197, 2.755, 7.530 and -2.135, all P<0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hospital stay (OR=1.062, 95% CI: 1.008-1.118), hyperlipidemia (OR=2.796, 95% CI: 1.427-5.478), operation time (OR=1.023, 95% CI: 1.010-1.036), postoperative DGF (OR=3.057, 95% CI: 1.414-6.607), last preoperative serum potassium (OR=0.556, 95% CI: 0.372-0.830), last preoperative serum creatinine (OR=1.002, 95% CI: 1.001-1.003), application of mycophenolate mofetil (OR=7.493, 95% CI: 3.528-15.913), and smoking history (OR=2.167, 95% CI: 1.102-4.259) were all independent risk factors for diarrhea after kidney transplantation (all P<005).

Post-kidney transplantation diarrhea is influenced by multiple complex factors in Northwest China. In-depth understanding of these factors may facilitate the development of targeted and precise prevention and treatment strategies.

To explore the real employment experience of young and middle-aged lung transplant recipients returning to work, so as to provide reference for formulating intervention strategies for young and middle-aged lung transplant recipients returning to work.

Phenomenological research method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 13 young and middle-aged lung transplant recipients who had returned to work. Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the interview data and refine the theme.

The real experience of young and middle-aged recipients returning to work after lung transplantation could be summarized into 3 themes and 9 sub-themes: the perceived adverse experience before returning to work (negative and emotional experiences limited returning to work, social apathy precluded returning to work), an overall positive experience facilitated returning to work (good self-management promoted physical and mental rehabilitation, the experience of physical wellness ensured returning to work, positive emotional adjustment inspired to return to work, perception of social support promoted returning to work), returning to work successfully achieved self-actualization (successfully returning to work increased positive emotion, lightened the economic burden of family, realised personal value).

Although young and middle-aged lung transplant recipients face obstacles and challenges before returning to work, returning to work is conducive to improving physical and mental health. It is recommended to integrate multiple forces to optimize the social support system to promote recipients to return to work and employment.

Lung transplantation is a key treatment for end-stage lung diseases, yet postoperative complications often significantly affect long-term survival of recipients. In recent years, the role of the respiratory microbiota in lung transplantation outcomes has gained increasing attention, offering new perspectives for understanding and intervening in post-transplant complications. This article systematically reviews the dynamic changes in the respiratory microbiota of lung transplant recipients from the perioperative period through long-term recovery. Findings indicate that during the perioperative phase, various end-stage lung diseases already exhibit microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by reduced alpha-diversity and enrichment of specific bacterial species. Postoperatively, the microbiota demonstrates temporal and spatial heterogeneity, with changes in its diversity and microbial load correlating with multiple complications. Evidence suggests that microbiota imbalance may exacerbate local inflammation and fibrosis in the lung graft through metabolite-immune interactions, highlighting the potential clinical value of microbiota-targeted interventions. However, establishing long-term dynamic monitoring systems for the microbiota, validating underlying mechanisms, and developing individualized regulatory strategies remain important challenges. Moving forward, integrating multiomics technologies will be essential to advance the field from descriptive observations toward mechanistic insight and clinical translation.